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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I—IN-AMP BASICS ............................................................................................................ 1-1
Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1-1
IN-AMPS vs. OP AMPS: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES? ................................................................... 1-1
Signal Amplification and Common-Mode Rejection ................................................................................ 1-1
Common-Mode Rejection: Op Amp vs. In-Amp ...................................................................................... 1-3
Diference Amplifiers ................................................................................................................... 1-5
WHERE are in-amps and Diference amps used? ................................................................... 1-5
Data Acquisition ................................................................................................................................... 1-5
Medical Instrumentation ........................................................................................................................ 1-6
Monitor and Control Electronics ............................................................................................................ 1-6
Software-Programmable Applications ..................................................................................................... 1-6
Audio Applications ................................................................................................................................ 1-6
High Speed Signal Conditioning ............................................................................................................. 1-6
Video Applications ................................................................................................................................ 1-6
Power Control Applications .................................................................................................................... 1-6
IN-AMPS: AN EXTERNAL VIEW ............................................................................................................ 1-6
WHAT OTHER PRO PERTIES DEFINE A HIGH QUALITY IN-AMP? ................................................... 1-7
High AC (and DC) Common-Mode Rejection ........................................................................................ 1-7
Low Offset Voltage and Offset Voltage Drift ............................................................................................. 1-7
A Matched, High Input Impedance ......................................................................................................... 1-8
Low Input Bias and Offset Current Errors .............................................................................................. 1-8
Low Noise ............................................................................................................................................ 1-8
Low Nonlinearity .................................................................................................................................. 1-8
Simple Gain Selection ............................................................................................................................ 1-8
Adequate Bandwidth .............................................................................................................................. 1-8
Differential to Single-Ended Conversion ................................................................................................. 1-9
Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Swing ...................................................................................................... 1-9
Power vs. Bandwidth, Slew Rate, and Noise ............................................................................................ 1-9
CHAPTER II—INSIDE AN INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER ........................................................ 2-1
A Simple Op Amp Subtractor Provides an In-Amp Function ................................................................... 2-1
Improving the Simple Subtractor with Input Buffering ............................................................................ 2-1
The 3-Op Amp In-Amp ......................................................................................................................... 2-2
3-Op Amp In-Amp Design Considerations .............................................................................................. 2-3
The Basic 2-Op Amp Instrumentation Amplifier ..................................................................................... 2-4
2-Op Amp In-Amps—
Common-Mode Design Considerations for Single-Supply Operation ..................... 2-5
CHAPTER III—MONOLITHIC INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIERS .............................................. 3-1
Adva ntages Ove r Op Amp In-Amps ............................................................................................... 3-1
Which to Use—an In-Amp or a Diff Amp? .............................................................................................. 3-1
MONOLITHIC IN-AMP DESIGN—THE INSIDE STORY
High Performance In-Amps .................................................................................................................... 3-2
Low Cost In-Amps ................................................................................................................................ 3-5
Pin-Programmable, Precise Gain In-Amps .............................................................................................. 3-6
Auto-Zeroing Instrumentation Amplifiers................................................................................................3-8
Fixed Gain (Low Drift) In-Amps .......................................................................................................... 3-16
Monolithic In-Amps Optimized for Single-Supply Operation ................................................................. 3-17
Low Power, Single-Supply In-Amps ...................................................................................................... 3-19
Gain-Programmable In-Amps .............................................................................................................. 3-20
CHAPTER IV—MONOLITHIC DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIERS ........................................................... 4-1
Difference (Subtractor) Amplifier Products ............................................................................................. 4-1
AD8205 Difference Amplifier ................................................................................................................. 4-3 |
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