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发表于 2008-8-6 21:45:21
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This paper discusses basic modeling techniques for PLLs, duty cycle modeling, jitter and skew, and on-chip-variation effects.
1 Introduction........................................................................................................................3
2 The basic insertion delay cancellation (idc) PLL................................................................... 4
2.1 The problem – too muchdelay......................................................................................................................4
2.2 The solution – the insertion delay cancellationPLL......................................................................................5
2.3 Timing the basic idc PLL in PrimeTime.......................................................................................................6
2.4 The IDC multiplier PLL.............................................................................................................................15
2.5 The PLL model itself.................................................................................................................................24
2.6 Performance considerations........................................................................................................................25
3 Duty Cycle........................................................................................................................26
3.1 Internal clocks (other thanPLLs)................................................................................................................26
3.2 Primary input clocks and PLLs...................................................................................................................28
3.3 Applying this to our multiplier pllcircuit....................................................................................................35
3.4 When to use thesetechniques.....................................................................................................................41
4Jitter.................................................................................................................................42
4.1 Jitter, skew, anduncertainty.......................................................................................................................42
4.2 My definition ofjitter.................................................................................................................................42
4.3 Sources ofjitter..........................................................................................................................................43
4.4 Effects of jitter on different sorts ofpaths....................................................................................................43
4.5 Modeling jitter withset_clock_uncertainty..................................................................................................47
4.6 Applying jitter specs to the example circuit – simple case...........................................................................47
4.7 Generatedclocks........................................................................................................................................54
4.8 What about fallingedges?..........................................................................................................................56
4.9 Applying jitter specs to the example circuit – complex case........................................................................57
5 On-chipVariation..............................................................................................................64
5.1 The classic OCV case................................................................................................................................64
5.2 EnterCRPR...............................................................................................................................................67
5.3 OCV and PLLs..........................................................................................................................................69
5.4 The OCV/PLL excess pessimismproblem...................................................................................................75
6 OCV/PLL excess pessimism workarounds......................................................................... 79
6.1 Forcing OCV off on the fbpath...................................................................................................................79
6.2 Referencing the i/os to the feedbackclock...................................................................................................96
6.3 The shell game........................................................................................................................................105
7Conclusion.....................................................................................................................111
8 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... 112
9 References......................................................................................................................113
10Appendix.....................................................................................................................114
10.1 The PLL model itself..............................................................................................................................114 |
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