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Chapter 1: Signal Paths from Analog to Digital
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................1
A Refresher .................................................................................................................................................................1
Accuracy vs. Speed—Analog and Digital ...................................................................................................................5
Interface Electronics ...................................................................................................................................................6
The Basic Functions for Analog-to-Digital Conversion ..............................................................................................6
Summary .....................................................................................................................................................................8
Chapter 1 Quiz ...............................................................................................................................
Chapter 2: Signal Paths from Digital to Analog
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................11
The Digital-to-Analog Portion ..................................................................................................................................11
Filtering .....................................................................................................................................................................13
Conditioning the Signal ............................................................................................................................................13
Transducing the Signal ..............................................................................................................................................13
Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................15
Chapter 2 Quiz
Chapter 3: Sensors ........................................................................................................................... 18
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................18
Temperature Sensors .................................................................................................................................................18
Angular and Linear Position .....................................................................................................................................21
Rotation .....................................................................................................................................................................24
Magnetoresistor Sensor .............................................................................................................................................24
Pressure .....................................................................................................................................................................25
Light Sensors ............................................................................................................................................................27
Other Sensors ............................................................................................................................................................32
Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................32
Chapter 3 Quiz ..........................................................................................................................................................32
Chapter 4: Signal Conditioning ........................................................................................................... 35
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................35
Amplification ............................................................................................................................................................35
Bipolar NPN Amplifier .............................................................................................................................................36
Amplifier Frequency Response .................................................................................................................................39
Coupling ....................................................................................................................................................................40
Small-Signal vs. Large Signal ...................................................................................................................................41
Classes of Amplifiers ................................................................................................................................................42
Field-Effect Transistor Amplifiers .............................................................................................................................42
A N-Channel JFET Amplifier Design ........................................................................................................................43
An NPN MOSFET Amplifier ...................................................................................................................................45
Operational Amplifiers ..............................................................................................................................................47
Conditioning the Output of a Pressure Sensor ...........................................................................................................50
A More Sophisticated Pressure Sensor Amplifier ......................................................................................................51
Current Mirror ...........................................................................................................................................................52
Applications of Op Amps ..........................................................................................................................................53
Oscillators .................................................................................................................................................................53
Power Amplifiers ......................................................................................................................................................54
Class B Audio Power Amplifier ................................................................................................................................56
Special Signals ..........................................................................................................................................................56
RC Time Constants ...................................................................................................................................................58
Frequency Selection ..................................................................................................................................................59
Typical Application of Filters ...................................................................................................................................61
Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................62
Chapter 4 Quiz ..........................................................................................................................................................62
Chapter 5: Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversions ............................................................ 66
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................66
Decimal Equivalent of a Binary Number ...................................................................................................................67
Digital Codes of ADC ...............................................................................................................................................67
A Resistor Network DAC .........................................................................................................................................68
A Simple Resistor-String DAC .................................................................................................................................71
A Simple Current-Steering DAC ...............................................................................................................................72
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) ........................................................................................................................73
Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADC ......................................................................................................74
Capacitor Charge-Redistribution ADC ......................................................................................................................75
Highest Speed Conversions .......................................................................................................................................78
Sample and Hold and Filters .....................................................................................................................................78
Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................79
Chapter 5 Quiz ..........................................................................................................................................................80
Chapter 6: Digital System Processing .................................................................................................. 82
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................82
Digital Processor or Digital Computer ......................................................................................................................82
What is a Microprocessor? ........................................................................................................................................86
What is a Microcomputer? ........................................................................................................................................86
System Clarifications ................................................................................................................................................86
Digital Signal Representations ..................................................................................................................................90
Clock, Timing and Control Signals ............................................................................................................................90
Interrupts ...................................................................................................................................................................92
Status Bits .................................................................................................................................................................92
More About Software ................................................................................................................................................93
Sophisticated Programming Languages .....................................................................................................................95
How Parts of a Processor Perform Their Functions ...................................................................................................95
Memory and Input/Output ........................................................................................................................................97
Addressing Modes ....................................................................................................................................................97
Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................99
Chapter 6 Quiz ........................................................................................................................................................100
Chapter 7: Examples of Assembly-Language Programming .................................................................. 103
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................103
A Processor for the Examples .................................................................................................................................103
About the MSP430 Family .....................................................................................................................................103
The CPU ..................................................................................................................................................................104
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发表于 2007-5-31 12:03:13
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