SystemVerilog Language Reference Manual

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Table of Contents
Section 1 Introduction to SystemVerilog ............................................................................................... 1
Section 2 Literal Values........................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Introduction (informative) ...............................................................................................................4
2.2 Literal value syntax.........................................................................................................................4
2.3 Integer and logic literals ..................................................................................................................4
2.4 Real literals .....................................................................................................................................5
2.5 Time literals ....................................................................................................................................5
2.6 String literals...................................................................................................................................5
2.7 Array literals ...................................................................................................................................6
2.8 Structure literals ..............................................................................................................................6
Section 3 Data Types........................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Introduction (informative) ...............................................................................................................8
3.2 Data type syntax..............................................................................................................................9
3.3 Integer data types ...........................................................................................................................10
3.4 Real and shortreal data types .........................................................................................................11
3.5 Void data type ...............................................................................................................................11
3.6 chandle data type ...........................................................................................................................11
3.7 String data type ..............................................................................................................................12
3.8 Event data type..............................................................................................................................16
3.9 User-defined types .........................................................................................................................16
3.10 Enumerations ................................................................................................................................17
3.11 Structures and unions.....................................................................................................................22
3.12 Class..............................................................................................................................................26
3.13 Singular and aggregate types .........................................................................................................27
3.14 Casting ..........................................................................................................................................27
3.15 $cast dynamic casting ....................................................................................................................28
3.16 Bit-stream casting ..........................................................................................................................29
Section 4 Arrays ................................................................................................................................... 32
4.1 Introduction (informative) .............................................................................................................32
4.2 Packed and unpacked arrays ..........................................................................................................32
4.3 Multiple dimensions ......................................................................................................................33
4.4 Indexing and slicing of arrays........................................................................................................34
4.5 Array querying functions ...............................................................................................................35
4.6 Dynamic arrays ..............................................................................................................................35
4.7 Array assignment ...........................................................................................................................37
4.8 Arrays as arguments......................................................................................................................38
4.9 Associative arrays ..........................................................................................................................39
4.10 Associative array methods .............................................................................................................41
4.11 Associative array assignment.........................................................................................................44
4.12 Associative array arguments ..........................................................................................................44
4.13 Associative array literals................................................................................................................44
4.14 Queues .......................................................................................................................................45
4.15 Array manipulation methods .........................................................................................................47
Section 5 Data Declarations ................................................................................................................ 52
5.1 Introduction (informative) .............................................................................................................52
5.2 Data declaration syntax..................................................................................................................52
5.3 Constants.....................................................................................................................................52
9.8 Process control .............................................................................................................................98
9.9 Fine-grain process control ...........................................................................................................100
Section 10 Tasks and Functions.......................................................................................................... 102
10.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................102
10.2 Tasks .........................................................................................................................................103
10.3 Functions.....................................................................................................................................104
10.4 Task and function argument passing ...........................................................................................106
10.5 Import and export functions.........................................................................................................109
Section 11 Classes............................................................................................................................ 111
11.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................111
11.2 Syntax ......................................................................................................................................112
11.3 Overview.....................................................................................................................................113
11.4 Objects (class instance)................................................................................................................113
11.5 Object properties.........................................................................................................................114
11.6 Object methods ...........................................................................................................................114
11.7 Constructors ...............................................................................................................................115
11.8 Static class properties...................................................................................................................116
11.9 Static methods.............................................................................................................................116
11.10 This ..........................................................................................................................................116
11.11 Assignment, re-naming and copying ...........................................................................................117
11.12 Inheritance and subclasses ........................................................................................................118
11.13 Overridden members..................................................................................................................119
11.14 Super ......................................................................................................................................119
11.15 Casting ....................................................................................................................................120
11.16 Chaining constructors ................................................................................................................120
11.17 Data hiding and encapsulation .....................................................................................................121
11.18 Constant class properties .............................................................................................................121
11.19 Abstract classes and virtual methods ...........................................................................................122
11.20 Polymorphism: dynamic method lookup.....................................................................................123
11.21 Class scope resolution operator :: ................................................................................................123
11.22 Out of block declarations .............................................................................................................124
11.23 Parameterized classes ..................................................................................................................125
11.24 Typedef class ...............................................................................................................................126
11.25 Classes and structures ..................................................................................................................126
11.26 Memory management ..................................................................................................................127
Section 12 Random Constraints ............................................................................................................ 128
12.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................128
12.2 Overview.....................................................................................................................................128
12.3 Random variables ........................................................................................................................131
12.4 Constraint blocks .........................................................................................................................132
12.5 Randomization methods ..............................................................................................................145
12.6 In-line constraints — randomize() with.......................................................................................147
12.7 Disabling random variables with rand_mode() ...........................................................................148
12.8 Controlling constraints with constraint_mode() ..........................................................................149
12.9 Dynamic constraint modification.................................................................................................150
12.10 In-line random variable control ...............................................................................................150
12.11 Randomization of scope variables — std::randomize()...............................................................151
12.12 Random number system functions and methods .......................................................................153
12.13Random stability .......................................................................................................................154
12.14 Manually seeding randomize .......................................................................................................156
12.15 Random weighted case — randcase ............................................................................................157
12.16 Random sequence generation — randsequence...........................................................................158
Section 13 Interprocess Synchronization and Communication................................................................ 166
13.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................166
13.2 Semaphores ..............................................................................................................................166
13.3 Mailboxes....................................................................................................................................167
13.4 Parameterized mailboxes .............................................................................................................170
13.5 Event ........................................................................................................................................171
13.6 Event sequencing: wait_order() ...................................................................................................172
13.7 Event variables............................................................................................................................173
Section 14 Scheduling Semantics........................................................................................................ 176
14.1 Execution of a hardware model and its verification environment ...............................................176
14.2 Event simulation ......................................................................................................................176
14.3 The stratified event scheduler ....................................................................................................176
14.4 The PLI callback control points...................................................................................................180
Section 15 Clocking Blocks ............................................................................................................... 181
15.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................181
15.2 Clocking block declaration ..........................................................................................................181
15.3 Input and output skews .............................................................................................................183
15.4 Hierarchical expressions ..............................................................................................................184
15.5 Signals in multiple clocking blocks .............................................................................................185
15.6 Clocking block scope and lifetime...............................................................................................185
15.7 Multiple clocking blocks example ...............................................................................................185
15.8 Interfaces and clocking blocks.....................................................................................................186
15.9 Clocking block events..................................................................................................................187
15.10 Cycle delay: ## ........................................................................................................................187
15.11 Default clocking..........................................................................................................................188
15.12 Input sampling .............................................................................................................................189
15.13 Synchronous events .....................................................................................................................189
15.14 Synchronous drives......................................................................................................................190
Section 16 Program Block....................................................................................................................... 193
16.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................193
16.2 The program construct .................................................................................................................193
16.3 Multiple programs.......................................................................................................................195
16.4 Eliminating testbench races .........................................................................................................195
16.5 Blocking tasks in cycle/event mode.............................................................................................196
16.6 Program control tasks ..................................................................................................................196
Section 17 Assertions ........................................................................................................................ 198
17.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................198
17.2 Immediate assertions....................................................................................................................198
17.3 Concurrent assertions overview...................................................................................................200
17.4 Boolean expressions ....................................................................................................................201
17.5 Sequences....................................................................................................................................203
17.6 Declaring sequences ....................................................................................................................206
17.7 Sequence operations ....................................................................................................................208
17.8 Manipulating data in a sequence..................................................................................................224
17.9 Calling subroutines on match of a sequence................................................................................228
17.10 System functions.........................................................................................................................229
17.11 Declaring properties.....................................................................................................................229
17.12 Multiple clock support .................................................................................................................240
17.13 Concurrent assertions...................................................................................................................246
17.14 Clock resolution ...........................................................................................................................252
17.15 Binding properties to scopes or instances....................................................................................258
17.16 The expect statement ...................................................................................................................259
Section 18 Hierarchy.............................................................................................................................. 261
18.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................261
18.2 Packages......................................................................................................................................261
18.3 Compilation unit support .............................................................................................................265
18.4 Top-level instance.......................................................................................................................266
18.5 Module declarations....................................................................................................................267
18.6 Nested modules...........................................................................................................................267
18.7 Extern modules ............................................................................................................................269
18.8 Port declarations ..........................................................................................................................270
18.9 List of port expressions................................................................................................................271
18.10 Time unit and precision ...............................................................................................................271
18.11 Module instances .........................................................................................................................272
18.12 Port connection rules ...................................................................................................................276
18.13 Name spaces ...............................................................................................................................277
18.14 Hierarchical names ......................................................................................................................278
Section 19 Interfaces ........................................................................................................................... 279
19.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................279
19.2 Interface syntax...........................................................................................................................280
19.3 Ports in interfaces........................................................................................................................284
19.4 Modports .....................................................................................................................................285
19.5 Interfaces and specify blocks .......................................................................................................291
19.6 Tasks and functions in interfaces.................................................................................................291
19.7 Parameterized interfaces ..............................................................................................................297
19.8 Virtual interfaces.........................................................................................................................299
19.9 Access to interface objects...........................................................................................................303
Section 20 Coverage........................................................................................................................... 305
20.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................305
20.2 Defining the coverage model: covergroup...................................................................................306
20.3 Using covergroup in classes ........................................................................................................308
20.4 Defining coverage points .............................................................................................................309
20.5 Defining cross coverage...............................................................................................................315
20.6 Specifying coverage options ........................................................................................................319
20.7 Predefined coverage methods ......................................................................................................324
20.8 Predefined coverage system tasks and functions .........................................................................324
20.9 Organization of option and type_option members ......................................................................324
Section 21 Parameters ..................................................................................................................... 326
21.1 Introduction (informative) ..........................................................................................................326
21.2 Parameter declaration syntax .......................................................................................................327
Section 22 Configuration Libraries........................................................................................................ 330
22.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................330
22.2 Libraries ......................................................................................................................................330
Section 23 System Tasks and System Functions .................................................................................... 331
23.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................331
23.2 Elaboration-time typeof function.................................................................................................331
23.3 Typename function ......................................................................................................................331
23.4 Expression size system function ..................................................................................................332
23.5 Range system function.................................................................................................................333
23.6 Shortreal conversions...................................................................................................................333
23.7 Array querying system functions .................................................................................................334
23.8 Assertion severity system tasks ...................................................................................................335
23.9 Assertion control system tasks.....................................................................................................336
23.10 Assertion system functions ..........................................................................................................336
23.11 Random number system functions...............................................................................................337
23.12 Program control ...........................................................................................................................337
23.13 Coverage system functions ..........................................................................................................337
23.14 Enhancements to Verilog-2001 system tasks ..............................................................................337
23.15 $readmemb and $readmemh........................................................................................................338
23.16 $writememb and $writememh .....................................................................................................338
23.17 File format considerations for multi-dimensional unpacked arrays ............................................339
23.18 System task arguments for multi-dimensional unpacked arrays .................................................340
Section 24 VCD Data ................................................................................................................................ 342
Section 25 Compiler Directives.................................................................................................................... 343
25.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................343
25.2 ‘define macros.............................................................................................................................343
25.3 `include .......................................................................................................................................344
Section 26 Features under consideration for removal from SystemVerilog ........................................... 345
26.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................345
26.2 Defparam statements....................................................................................................................345
26.3 Procedural assign and deassign statements..................................................................................345
Section 27 Direct Programming Interface (DPI) ....................................................................................... 347
27.1 Overview.....................................................................................................................................347
27.2 Two layers of the DPI ..................................................................................................................348
27.3 Global name space of imported and exported functions..............................................................349
27.4 Imported tasks and functions .......................................................................................................349
27.5 Calling imported functions ..........................................................................................................355
27.6 Exported functions .......................................................................................................................356
27.7 Exported tasks.............................................................................................................................357
27.8 Disabling DPI tasks and functions...............................................................................................357
Section 28 SystemVerilog Assertion API .................................................................................................... 359
28.1 Requirements ...............................................................................................................................359
28.2 Extensions to VPI enumerations..................................................................................................359
28.3 Static information ........................................................................................................................360
28.4 Dynamic information ...................................................................................................................363
28.5 Control functions .........................................................................................................................366
Section 29 SystemVerilog Coverage API .................................................................................................... 368
29.1 Requirements ...............................................................................................................................368
29.2 SystemVerilog real-time coverage access ...................................................................................369
29.3 FSM recognition ..........................................................................................................................374
29.4 VPI coverage extensions..............................................................................................................377
Section 30 SystemVerilog Data Read API .................................................................................................. 381
30.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................381
30.2 Requirements ...............................................................................................................................381
30.3 Extensions to VPI enumerations..................................................................................................382
30.4 VPI object type additions.............................................................................................................383
30.5 Object model diagrams ................................................................................................................385
30.6 Usage extensions to VPI routines ................................................................................................387
30.7 VPI routines added in SystemVerilog .........................................................................................388
30.8 Reading data ...............................................................................................................................389
30.9 Optionally unloading the data......................................................................................................399
30.10 Reading data from multiple databases and/or different read library providers ...........................399
30.11VPI routines extended in SystemVerilog.....................................................................................402
30.12VPI routines added in SystemVerilog .........................................................................................403
Section 31 SystemVerilog VPI Object Model............................................................................................. 407
31.1 Introduction (informative) ...........................................................................................................407
31.2 Instance ......................................................................................................................................409
31.3 Interface .....................................................................................................................................410
31.4 Program.......................................................................................................................................410
31.5 Module (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.1) ............................................................................411
31.6 Modport .....................................................................................................................................412
31.7 Interface tf decl ............................................................................................................................412
31.8 Ports (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.5) .................................................................................413
31.9 Ref Obj........................................................................................................................................414
31.10 Variables (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 section 26.6.8) .............................................................416
31.11 Var Select (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.8).........................................................................418
31.12 Typespec .....................................................................................................................................419
31.13 Variable Drivers and Loads (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.23) ...........................................421
31.14 Instance Arrays (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.2) ................................................................421
31.15 Scope (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.3) ...............................................................................422
31.16 IO Declaration (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.4) .................................................................423
31.17 Clocking Block ...........................................................................................................................424
31.18 Class Object Definition................................................................................................................425
31.19 Constraint, constraint ordering, distribution, ...............................................................................426
31.20 Constraint expression...................................................................................................................427
31.21 Class Variables ...........................................................................................................................428
31.23 Named Events (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.11) ................................................................430
31.24 Task, Function Declaration (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.18)............................................431
31.25 Alias Statement ...........................................................................................................................432
31.26 Frames (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.20)............................................................................433
31.27 Threads........................................................................................................................................434
31.28 tf call (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.19) ..............................................................................435
31.29 Module path, path term (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.15) .................................................436
31.30 Concurrent assertions ..................................................................................................................437
31.31 Property Decl ..............................................................................................................................437
31.32 Property Specification .................................................................................................................438
31.33 Multiclock Sequence Expression ................................................................................................439
31.34 Sequence Declaration .................................................................................................................440
31.35 Sequence Expression ..................................................................................................................441
31.36 Attribute (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.42) ........................................................................442
31.37 Atomic Statement (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.27) .........................................................443
31.38 If, if else, return, case, do while (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.35, 26.6.36).......................444
31.39 waits, disables, expect, foreach (supersedes IEEE 1364 26.6.38) ...............................................445
31.40 Simple expressions (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.25) ........................................................446
31.41 Expressions (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.26) ....................................................................447
31.42 Event control (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.30)..................................................................448
31.43 Event stmt (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.27) .....................................................................448
31.44 Process (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.27) ..........................................................................449
31.45 Assignment (supersedes IEEE 1364-2001 26.6.28) ...................................................................449
Annex A Formal Syntax............................................................................................................................. 451
Annex B Keywords ..................................................................................................................................... 488
Annex C Std Package ................................................................................................................................ 490
Annex D Linked Lists................................................................................................................................ 492
Annex E DPI C-layer ................................................................................................................................. 498
Annex F Include files ................................................................................................................................. 523
Annex G Inclusion of Foreign Language Code ......................................................................................... 529
Annex H Formal Semantics of Concurrent Assertions ............................................................................ 533
Annex I sv_vpi_user.h............................................................................................................................... 544
Annex J Glossary ....................................................................................................................................... 553
Annex K Bibliography................................................................................................................................ 555
Index 557

ic_qiand

借个地方放我的签名签名，顺便顶下自己的贴。

ic_qiand

整个签名真是累啊！

zh123456789

又是盗版的啊

ic_qiand

又是盗版的啊
zh123456789 发表于 2010-10-30 12:27

                               
登录/注册后可看大图

    首先多谢阁下顶贴，请问这资料的盗版是啥意思啊？请明示！

    若是阁下拥有版权的话，是我错了。阁下出示版权证明，我立刻把帖子删了，向你道歉。

    我已经把目录放上来了，若别处看过，没兴趣可以不用下。

zh123456789

回复 6# ic_qiand


    这个在etop上已经有了，我的意思是，若是从etop上下载的资料，请大家不要再放上去了，占用网络资源，也浪费读者的时间。


   若有冒犯之处，敬请谅解

ic_qiand

我还真的不是在本站下的书，说实话，很久不回来了。从前刚刚入行的时候来这儿问过问题，结果，呵呵，看我的帖子就知道了…

前几天忽然需要找license才回来的（下载的全是灌水的分，尽管我以前很烦这个）。

不想通过这赚钱，只是看到有人求资料。

--------------------------------------------------------------------

BTW，工作的地方有镜像，很多都IEEE 知网…都可以下。

需要这类文章欢迎顶帖。我有空下了放上来。就不开新贴了！

duancs

thank you very much!!!

s19812500

这个下载才叫强大，应该要有目录是好的