4. ELECTRON STATES
4.1. Effective-mass Approximation
4.1.1. EFFECTIVE-MASS APPROXIMATION FOR DEGENERATE
4.1.2. ENVELOPE-FUNCTION EQUATION FOR ELECTRONS
4.1.3. ENVELOPE'-FUNCTION EQUATION FOR HOLES
4.1.4. ENVELOPE-FUNCTION EQUATION FOR HIGH-ENERGY
4.1.5. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
4.2. Energy Levels of Electrons
4.2.1. QUANTUM WELL
4.2.2. SUPERLATTICE
4.2.3. SINGLE HETEROJUNCTION
4.2.4. QUANTUM WIRES AND QUANTUM DOTS
4.3. Energy Levels of Holes
4.4. Energy Levels in Strained-layer Wells
4.4.1. EFFECT OF STRAIN ON THE CONDUCTION BAND
4.4.2. EFFECT OF STRAIN ON THE VALENCE BAND
4.5. Conclusion
5. OPTICAL INTERACTOION PHENOMENA
5.1. Optical Interaction in Bulk Materials
5.2. Interaction in Quantum Wells
5.2.1. INTERBAND TRANSITIONS
5.2.2. INTERSUBBAND ABSORPTION
5.3. Excitons
5.3.1. EXCITED-STATE WAVE FUNCTION
5.3.2. EXCITONIC WAVE FUNCTIONS
5.3.3. EXCITONIC OPTICAL INTERACTION MATRIX ELEMENT
5.3.4. EXCITONS IN QUANTUM WELLS 97
5.3.5. EXCITONIC OPTICAL MATRIX ELEMENT FOR QUANTUM WELLS 99
5.4. Bound and Localized Excitons 101
5.5. Absorption 102
5.5.1. INTERBAND ADSORPTION 104
5.5.2. EXCITONIC ABSORPTION 107
5.5.3. ABSORPTION SPECTRUM 109
5.5.4. INTERSUBBAND ABSORPTION 112
5.6. Quantum-Confined Stark Effect 114
5.7. Nonlinear Effects 122
5.7.1. NONRESONANT NONLINEARITY 123
5.7.2. RESONANT NONLINEARITY
5.8. Photoluminescence
5.9. Photoluminescence Spectrum
5.10. Conclusion
6. TRANSPORT PROPERTIES 139
6.1. Scattering Processes for 2DEG 140
6.2. Matrix Elements for 2DEG
6.3. Form Factor 145
6.4. Screening by 2DEG 146
6.5. Collision Integral for 2DEG 148
6.6. Scattering Rate for 2DEG 149
6.7. Solution of the Transport Equation for 2DEG 152
6.8. Mobility 155
6.8.1. ELECTRON MOBILITY IN AlGaAs/GaAs AND AlGaAs/InGaAs
SINGLE HETEROJUNCTION AND InP/GaInAs QW’s
6.8.2. ELECTRON MOBILITY IN InGaP/GaAs QW’s
6.8.3. ELECTRON MOBILITY IN AlGaN/GaN QW’s 160
6.8.4. GENERALIZED EXPRESSION FOR MOBILITY 160
6.9. High-field Velocity OF 2DEG
6.9.1. THEORY 162
6.9.2. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 165
6.10. Scattering-induced Broadening of Photoluminescence Spectrum 166
6.11. Ballistic Transport 171
7. HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTOR 173
7.1. Structure and Principle of Operation 173
7.2. Potential Distribution and
7.3. Current-Voltage Characteristic
7.4. Experimental Results
7.5. Current Researches on HEMT’s
Accumulated Charge Density
7.5.1. TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF CHARACTERISTICS
7.5.2. THEORETICAL MODELS AND SIMULATORS
7.5.4. CONTROL OF HEMT’s BY LIGHT
7.5.3. HIGH-POWER MICROWAVE HEMT’S
7.6. Conclusion