|
马上注册,结交更多好友,享用更多功能,让你轻松玩转社区。
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有账号?注册
x
Computer networks have become an integral part of society. We take for granted the ability
to transact commerce over the Internet and that users can avail themselves of a burgeoning
set of communication methods, which range from file sharing to Web logs. However, for
networks to take their place as part of the fundamental infrastructure of society, they must
provide performance guarantees.
We take for granted that electricity will flow when a switch is flicked and that telephone
calls will be routed on Mother’s Day. But the performance of computer networks such as the
Internet is still notoriously unreliable. While there are many factors that go into performance,
one major issue is that of network bottlenecks. There are two types of network bottlenecks:
resource bottlenecks and implementation bottlenecks.
Resource bottlenecks occur when network performance is limited by the speed of the
underlying hardware; examples include slow processors in server platforms and slow communication
links. Resource bottlenecks can be worked around, at some cost, by buying faster
hardware. However, it is quite often the case that the underlying hardware is perfectly adequate
but that the real bottleneck is a design issue in the implementation. For example, aWeb
server running on the fastest processors may run slowly because of redundant data copying.
Similarly, a router with a simple packet classification algorithm may start dropping packets
when the number of ACL rules grows beyond a limit, though it keeps up with link speeds
when classification is turned off. This book concentrates on such network implementation
bottlenecks, especially at servers and routers.
Beyond servers and routers, new breeds of networking devices that introduce new performance
bottlenecks are becoming popular. As networks become more integrated, devices such
as storage area networks (SANs) and multimedia switches are becoming common. Further, as
networks get more complex, various special-purpose network appliances for file systems and
security are proliferating. While the first generation of such devices justified themselves by
the new functions they provided, it is becoming critical that future network appliances keep
up with link speeds.
Thus the objective of this book is to provide a set of techniques to overcome implementation
bottlenecks at all networking devices and to provide a set of principles and models to
help overcome current and future networking bottlenecks. |
|