Substrate Noise Analysis in RF IC

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1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Thesis Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Literature Review 3
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Review of Available Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Mechanism of Noise Coupling in Substrate 8
3.1 Sources of Noise Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.1 Injection Mechanism in Active Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1.2 Injection Mechanism in Passive On-Chip Components . . . . . 14
3.2 Reception of Substrate Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.3 Substrate Noise Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3.1 Analysis of Simple Substrate Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3.2 High-Frequency Characterization of Substrates . . . . . . . . . 18
4 Substrate Coupling in Integrated Circuits 19
4.1 Substrate Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.2 Substrate Resistance Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.1 Single Contact Substrate Model Substrate . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.2 Two Contact Substrate Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.3 Guard Ring E®ect on Two Contact Model of Substrate . . . . 27
4.3 Isolation Analysis of Single-Ended Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.3.1 Analytical Model for Coupling in Two Single-Ended Circuits . 34
4.3.2 E®ect of Back Plane Inductance on Isolation . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3.3 E®ect of Load and Source Impedance on Isolation . . . . . . . 39
4.3.4 E®ect of Guard Ring on Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.4 Isolation Analysis of Fully Di®erential Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
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4.4.1 Analytical Model for Coupling in Di®erential Topology . . . . 46
4.4.2 E®ect of Di®erential Arm Separation on Isolation . . . . . . . 49
4.4.3 E®ect of Load Mismatch on Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.4.4 E®ect of Guard Ring on Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

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Substrate Noise Analysis in RF IC