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Table of Contents Table of Contents.. 2
Part One Battery Basics Everyone Should Know... 5
Author's Note. 5
Introduction.. 6
Chapter 1: When was the battery invented?. 7
Chapter 2: Battery Chemistries. 13
Chemistry Comparison. 14
The Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) Battery. 16
The Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Battery. 17
The Lead Acid Battery. 19
The Lithium Ion Battery. 22
The Lithium Polymer Battery. 27
Reusable Alkaline Batteries. 29
The Supercapacitor. 31
Chapter 3: The Battery Pack.. 33
The Cylindrical Cell
34
The Button Cell
35
The Prismatic Cell
36
The Pouch Cell
37
Series and Parallel Configurations. 39
Protection Circuits. 40
Chapter 4: Proper Charge Methods. 42
All About Chargers. 43
Chapter 5: Discharge Methods. 60
C-rate. 60
Depth of Discharge. 61
Pulse Discharge. 64
Discharging at High and Low Temperature. 65
Part Two You and the Battery.. 67
Chapter 6: The Secrets of Battery Runtime. 67
Declining Capacity. 67
Increasing Internal Resistance. 68
Elevated Self-Discharge. 70
Premature Voltage Cut-off
72
Chapter 7: The ‘Smart’ Battery.. 72
The Single Wire Bus. 73
The SMBus. 74
The State-of-Charge Indicator
79
The Tri-State Fuel Gauge. 79
The Target Capacity Selector
80
Fuel Gauges for Large Batteries. 82
Chapter 8: Choosing the Right Battery.. 83
What’s the best battery for mobile phones?. 83
What’s the best battery for two-way radios?. 85
What’s the best battery for laptops?. 86
Selecting a Lasting Battery. 87
Chapter 9: Internal Battery Resistance. 90
Why do seemingly good batteries fail on digital equipment?. 91
How is the internal battery resistance measured?. 94
What’s the difference between internal resistance and impedance?. 98
Chapter 10: Getting the Most from your Batteries. 99
Memory: myth or fact?. 99
How to Restore and Prolong Nickel-based Batteries. 101
The Effect of Zapping. 105
How to Restore and Prolong Sealed Lead Acid Batteries. 106
How to Prolong Lithium-based Batteries. 108
Battery Recovery Rate. 109
Chapter 11: Maintaining Fleet Batteries. 111
The ‘Green Light’ Lies. 112
Battery Maintenance, a Function of Quality Control
114
Battery Maintenance Made Simple. 115
Battery Maintenance as a Business. 118
Chapter 12: Battery Maintenance Equipment
118
Conditioning Chargers. 119
Battery Analyzers. 119
Battery Analyzers for Maintenance-Free Batteries. 122
Battery Throughput
123
Battery Maintenance Software. 124
Chapter 13: Making Battery Quick-Test Feasible. 126
Battery Specific Quick Testing. 127
Three-Point Quick Test
127
The Evolving Battery. 129
The Cadex Quicktest™ Method. 130
How does the Cadex Quicktest work?. 132
Battery Testing and the Internet
133
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. 134
Part Three Knowing Your Battery.. 136
Chapter 14: Non-Correctable Battery Problems. 136
Low Capacity Cells. 138
Cell Mismatch. 138
Shorted Cells. 139
Loss of Electrolyte. 140
Chapter 15: Caring for Your Batteries from Birth to Retirement.. 141
Storage. 142
Priming. 143
The Million Dollar Battery Problem.. 145
To the Service Counter, and No Further. 146
The Quick Fix. 148
Battery Warranty. 149
Battery Recycling. 150
Chapter 16: Practical Battery Tips. 153
Personal Field Observations. 153
The Correct Battery for the Job. 154
Battery Analyzers for Critical Missions. 156
Chapter 17: Did you know . . . ?. 158
The Cost of Mobile Power. 159
The Fuel Cell
162
The Electric Vehicle. 168
Strengthening the Weakest Link. 169
Part Four Beyond Batteries.. 171
Chapter 18: Beginnings and Horizons. 171
About the Author. 171
About Cadex. 172
Working with Natural Beauty. 174
Customer Comments. 175
Cadex Products. 175
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