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谈到滤波器,模拟电路设计的朋友都会觉得很复杂,各种零极点环路让人痛不欲生。数字滤波器就简单多了,甚至可以做到一键生成,所见即所得。少许的特殊情况包括极端高速时钟下的并行设计,低速情形下多路数据同时滤波的复用设计,这些不在本文讨论范围之内。[color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)] 对于FIR来说,首先要学会生成滤波器系数。以高速ADC ad9280为例,其中的DDC下采样滤波器里面的HB1频率响应如下图1,
[color=rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9)] 打开matlab,打开filterDesigner,调整不同的wpass和Apass可以得到图2、3:
通过文件导出系数到workspace的Num变量就可以得到滤波器系数。下面是一个图2生成的54阶halfband的系数:
接下来看如何实现Halfband滤波器,滤波器的通用结构如图4所示:
如果考虑FIR滤波器的系数对称性,需要改成如下图5结构:
对于半带滤波器,奇偶数据略有不同,可以分成两路,中间系数那一路不用做乘法,定义接口如下图6:module hband#(parameter CW=14 , parameter CF=14 , parameter DIW=14 , parameter DIF=14 , parameter DOW=17 , parameter DOF=1 , parameter TAP=3) (input clk, //625M clockinput rst_n, //625M clockinput [CW*TAP-1:0] hcoef,input din_vld,input [DIW-1:0] din_odd, //odd data stream in 1.25Ginput [DIW-1:0] din_even, //even data stream in 1.25Goutput dout_vld,output [DOW-1:0] dout) ;先分成奇偶两路做移位寄存器,如图7://bufferreg [DIW*TAP*2-1:0] din_odd_reg ;reg [DIW*(TAP+1)-1:0] din_even_reg ;integer ii ;always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if(~rst_n) din_odd_reg <= {DIW{1'd0}} ; else if(din_vld) din_odd_reg[DIW*TAP*2-1:0] <= { din_odd_reg[DIW*TAP*2-1-DIW:0],din_odd} ;end//fir_filter_mult is ready after TAP+1 delay//even stream should also delay TAP+1always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if(~rst_n) din_even_reg <= {DIW{1'd0}} ; else if(din_vld) din_even_reg[DIW*(TAP+1)-1:0] <= { din_even_reg[DIW*(TAP+1)-1:0],din_even} ;end
奇路合并系数并做乘法,如图8://adderwire signed [DIW:0] din_odd_reg_sum_in = $signed(din_odd_reg[ii*DIW+IW]) + $signed(din_odd_reg[(TAP*2-1-ii)*DIW+IW]) ;reg [(DIW+1)*TAP-1:0] din_odd_reg_sum ;always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if(~rst_n) din_odd_reg_sum <= {(DIW+1){1'd0}} ; else if(din_vld) begin for(ii=0;ii<TAP;ii=ii+1) begin din_odd_reg_sum[ii*(DIW+1)+DIW+1)] <= din_odd_reg_sum_in ; end endend//multiplierlocalparam FW = CW+(DIW+1) ;reg signed [FW*TAP-1:0] fir_filter_mult ;always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if(~rst_n) begin fir_filter_mult <= {(FW*TAP){1'd0}} ; end else if( din_vld ) begin for(ii=0;ii<TAP;ii=ii+1) begin fir_filter_mult[ii*FW+:FW] <= $signed(din_odd_reg_sum[ii*(DIW+1)+DIW+1)]) * $signed(hcoef[ii*CW+:CW]) ; end endend最后调用加法树并在输出位置加入定点截位//adder treelocalparam SUM_W = FW + $clog2(TAP+1) ;wire [FW-1:0] sum_in = {{(FW-DIW){din_even_reg[DIW*(TAP+1)-1]}},din_even_reg[DIW*(TAP+1)-1IW*(TAP+1)-DIW]} ;wire [FW*(TAP+1)-1:0] filter_sum_in = { fir_filter_mult, sum_in };wire [SUM_W-1:0] filter_sum ;adder_tree #(.DW(FW),.NUM((1<<$clog2(TAP+1)))) u0( .clk(clk), .din_vld(din_vld), .din(filter_sum_in), .dout_vld(dout_vld), .dout(filter_sum)) ;//clipsclip_r #(SUM_W,DIF+CF,DOW,DOF) u0_sclip (filter_sum,dout ) ;endmodule加法树的代码如下,采用generate循环调用得到module adder_tree#( parameter DW=16, parameter NUM=8, parameter LOGNUM=$clog2(NUM))( input clk , input rst_n , input din_vld, input [DW*NUM-1:0] din , output wire dout_vld, output wire [DW-1+LOGNUM:0] dout ) ;wire [DW*NUM/2-1:0] dout_t1 = din[DW*NUM/2-1:0];wire [DW*NUM/2-1:0] dout_t2 = din[DW*NUM-1:DW*NUM/2];wire dout_vld_t ;wire [DW+LOGNUM-2:0] sum1,sum2 ;generate if(NUM==2) begin : gen_adder assign sum1 = dout_t1 ; assign sum2 = dout_t2 ; assign dout_vld_t = din_vld ; end else begin : gen_adder_tree adder_tree #(.DW(DW),.NUM(NUM/2)) u0( clk, rst_n , din_vld, dout_t1, dout_vld_t, sum1) ; adder_tree #(.DW(DW),.NUM(NUM/2)) u1( clk, rst_n , din_vld, dout_t2, dout_vld_t, sum2) ; endendgenerateadder2 #(.DW(DW+LOGNUM-1)) u2( clk, rst_n, dout_vld_t, {sum1,sum2}, dout_vld, dout) ;endmodulemodule adder2 #( parameter DW=16 )( input clk , input rst_n , input din_vld, input [DW*2-1:0] din , output reg dout_vld, output reg [DW:0] dout ) ;wire [DW-1:0] dout_t1 = din[DW-1:0];wire [DW-1:0] dout_t2 = din[DW*2-1:DW];wire signed [DW:0] dout_t = $signed(dout_t1) + $signed(dout_t2) ; always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin if(rst_n) begin dout_vld <= 1'b0; dout <= {(DW+1){1'b0}} ; end else begin dout_vld<= din_vld; dout <= dout_t ; endendendmodule本篇到此结束,有喜欢本文的欢迎关注下作者。
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