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Circuit Analysis Demystified
David McMahon
McGraw-Hill, 2008
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Circuit Analysis 1
What Is Circuit Analysis? 2
Electric Current 2
Current Arrows 9
Voltage 11
Time Varying Voltage and Voltage Sources 13
Dependent Voltage Sources 16
Current Sources 16
Open and Short Circuits 18
Power 19
Conservation of Energy 22
Summary 23
Quiz 23
CHAPTER 2 Kirchhoff’s Laws and Resistance 25
Branches, Nodes, and Loops 25
Kirchhoff’s Current Law 26
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 28
The Resistor 31
Power in a Resistor 33
Circuit Analysis with Resistors 34
Root Mean Square (RMS) Values 37
Voltage and Current Dividers 41
More Examples 46
Summary 53
Quiz 54
CHAPTER 3 Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems 58
Thevenin’s Theorem 59
Step One: Disconnect the Outside Network 60
Step Two: Set Independent Sources to Zero 61
Step Three: Measure the Resistance atTerminals A and B 61
Series and Parallel Circuits 61
Back to Thevenin’s Theorem 67
Thevenin’s Theorem Using the Karni Method 77
Norton’s Theorem and Norton EquivalentCircuits 82
Summary 84
Quiz 84
CHAPTER 4 Network Theorems 86
Superposition 86
Millman’s Theorem 93
Quiz 96
CHAPTER 5 Delta–Wye Transformations and BridgeCircuits 97
Delta–Wye Transformations 97
Bridge Circuits 101
Quiz 102
CHAPTER 6 Capacitance and Inductance 103
The Capacitor 103
Capacitors in Parallel or Series 104
Voltage–Current Relations in a Capacitor 106
Voltage in Terms of Current 107
Power and Energy in the Capacitor 109
Time Constants, Zero-Input Response, andFirst-Order RC Circuits 110
The Inductor 114
Inductors in Series and in Parallel 115
Energy in an Inductor 115
Current in an Inductor 115
Zero-Input Analysis of First-Order RLCircuits 116
Mutual Inductance 117
Zero-Input Response in an RL Circuit 120
Second-Order Circuits 125
Summary 130
Quiz 131
CHAPTER 7 The Phasor Transform 132
Basics on Complex Numbers 132
Polar Representation 134
Sinusoids and Complex Numbers 134
Sinusoidal Sources 137
Leading and Lagging 138
Effective or RMS Values 139
Dynamic Elements and Sinusoidal Sources 139
The Phasor Transform 140
Properties of the Phasor Transform 142
Circuit Analysis Using Phasors 143
Impedance 147
Summary 150
Quiz 151
CHAPTER 8 Frequency Response 152
Natural Frequencies 152
The Frequency Response of a Circuit 156
Filters 164
Summary 169
Quiz 170
CHAPTER 9 Operational Amplifiers 172
The Noninverting Amplifier 173
Inverting Amplifier 175
The Summing Amplifier 176
Summary 178
Quiz 178
CHAPTER 10 Sinusoidal Steady-State PowerCalculations 179
Maximum Power Transfer 179
Instantaneous Power 183
Average and Reactive Power 185
The RMS Value and Power Calculations 187
Complex Power 194
Summary 195
Quiz 196
CHAPTER 11 Transformers 197
The Dot Convention 198
Summary 200
Quiz 200
CHAPTER 12 Three-Phase Circuits 202
Balanced Sequences 203
Y Loads 204
Summary 205
Quiz 205
CHAPTER 13 Network Analysis Using LaplaceTransforms 206
The Laplace Transform 207
Exponential Order 210
The Inverse Laplace Transform 211
Analyzing Circuits Using Laplace Transforms 214
Convolution 218
Zero-State Response and the NetworkFunction 221
Poles and Zeros 224
Summary 225
Quiz 226
CHAPTER 14 Circuit Stability 228
Poles and Stability 231
Zero-Input Response Stability 236
Bounded Input-Bounded Output Stability 237
Summary 239
Quiz 240
CHAPTER 15 Bode Plots and Butterworth Filters 241
Asymptotic Behavior of Functions 242
Creating Bode Plots 244
Bode Plot Examples 245
Filters 252
Butterworth Filters 254
Quiz 259
Final Exam 260
Quiz and Exam Solutions 270
References 281
Index 283
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