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发表于 2024-8-21 16:55:16
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- Off (Cut-off Region): In this region, the BJT is essentially inactive. Both the base-emitter and base-collector junctions are reverse-biased. There is no significant current flow through the collector, essentially the transistor acts like an open switch.
- Fwd (Forward Active Region): In the forward active region, the base-emitter junction is forward-biased and the base-collector junction is reverse-biased. This region is where a BJT acts as an amplifier; the collector current is approximately proportional to the base current but significantly larger, depending on the beta (β) or current gain of the transistor.
- Rev (Reverse Active Region): Here, the base-emitter junction is reverse-biased and the base-collector junction is forward-biased. This is not a common mode for standard operation because the transistor exhibits much less gain in this configuration. It’s generally avoided in typical amplifier designs.
- Sat (Saturation Region): In this region, both the base-emitter and base-collector junctions are forward-biased. The transistor conducts heavily, and the collector-emitter voltage is at a minimum. In this region, the BJT acts like a closed switch. This region is crucial for switch applications.
- Breakdown (Breakdown Region): When the voltage across the BJT exceeds certain limits, the transistor enters the breakdown region. This can occur either at the base-collector or the emitter-collector junctions, leading to a breakdown where the BJT might start to conduct uncontrollably, potentially damaging the device.
In Spectre simulations, these operating regions are typically represented by numbers in the output rawfile, making it easier to analyze the operation over a range of conditions:
- 0 – Off
- 1 – Forward Active
- 2 – Reverse Active
- 3 – Saturation
- 4 – Breakdown
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