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发表于 2010-4-20 02:12:50
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显示全部楼层
1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1
1.1 Low-voltage low-power CMOS circuits ........................................... 2
1.2 Design issues ..................................................................................... 2
1.3 Organization of the work .................................................................. 3
1.4 References ......................................................................................... 4
2 Low-Voltage Analog Design Considerations .........................
2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 5
2.2 Classification of CMOS low-voltage circuits ................................... 6
2.3 Electrical properties of MOS transistors ........................................... 7
2.3.1 Strong inversion ....................................................................... 7
2.3.2 Weak inversion ........................................................................ 11
2.3.3 Moderate inversion ................................................................ 12
2.4 Rail-to-rail signals .........................................................
2.5 Rail-to-rail stages ................................. .................................. 15
2.6 Conclusions ..............................................................................
2.7 References ....................................................................................... 17
3 Input Stages ................................................................................................. 19
3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................... 19
3.2 Single differential input stage ......................................................... 20
3.3 Rail-to-rail input stage .................................................................... 27
3.4 Constant.g, rail-to-rail input stages ............................................... 35
3.4.1 Rail-to-rail input stages with current-based g, control ......... 36
3.4.2 Rail-to-rail input stages with voltage-based g, control ......... 51
3.4.3 Rail-to-rail input stage with W over L based g, control ....... 57
3.5 Conclusions ..................................................................................... 60
3.6 References ....................................................................................... 63
4 Output Stages ............................... ................................. 65
4.1 Introduction ........ .............................................. 65
4.2 Common-source output stage ......................... ...................... 66
4.3 Class-AB output stages ............................
4.3.1Feedforward class-AB output stages ...................................... 72
4.3.2 Feedback class-AB output stage. ...................... 79
4.4 Conclusions ................... ....................................................... 85
4.5 References ...................................................... .86
5 Overall Topologies ..........................................................
5.1 Introduction .........................................
5.2 Single-stage amplifier ..........................
5.3 Two-stage amplifiers ........................................
5.3.1 Miller compensation ...................
5.3.2 Miller zero cancellation ........................................................... 110
5.3.3 Cascoded Miller compensation ......
5.3.4 Nested cascoded Miller compensation ................................. 115
5.3.5 Comparison of frequency compensation methods .
5.4 Three-stage amplifiers ......... .......................................
5.4.1 Nested Miller compensation ................................................. 120
5.4.2 Multipath nested Miller compensation ................................. 127
5.5 Four-stage operational amplifiers .............................. 131
5.5.1 Hybrid nested Miller compensation............................... 132
5.5.2 Multipath hybrid nested Miller com
5.6 Conclusions .....................................
5.7 References ...............................................
6 Realizations ................................................................................................ 147
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................... 147
6.2 3-V compact operational amplifiers .............................................. 149
6.2.1 Topology of the compact opamp .......................................... 149
6.2.2 Input stage with g, control by three-times current mirrors .154
6.2.3 Input stage with g, control by an electronic Zener .............. 165
6.2.4 Input stage with g, control by a one-time current mirror .... 172
6.2.5 Input stage with g, control by multiple input pairs ............. 175
6.2.6 Conclusions ................................................................... 182
6.3 1.5-V operational amplifiers .... . . . .
6.3.1 Overall designs ...................... ......... ............... ..... ................. 187
6.3.2 Measurement results ..... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .............. 187
6.3.3 Conclusions .......................................................................... 194
6.4 Fully differential operational amplifiers ........ .... 195
6.4.1 3-V one-stage operational amplifier .................................... 196
6.4.2 3-V two-stage operational amplifier ............................... 197
6.4.3 2-V four-stage operational amplifier ...... ................ .... 199
6.5 Conclusions, ... . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . ................................ 202
6.6 References ..................................................................................... 203 |
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