e-book: ELECTROMAGNETICS EXPLAINED

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1. Introduction........................................................................................................1
1.1 The Perception of Modeling in the Area of Electromagnetic Compatibility....... 1
1.2 General Classes of Modern EMC Problems........................................................ 2
1.3 Motives for Selecting a Time-Domain Technique............................................... 3
1.4 Time-Domain Methods Amenable to EMC Analysis......................................... 3
References...................................................................................................................... 4
2. Printed Circuit Boards in EMC Structures............................................................7
2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Modeling Techniques for PCB Problems............................................................. 7
2.2.1 The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Algorithm.................................... 8
2.2.2 The Transmission-Line Matrix/Modeling Technique............................ 12
2.2.3 The Pseudospectral Time-Domain Method........................................... 15
2.3 Calculation of Transmission-Line and S-Parameters......................................... 17
2.4 Low-pass Spatial Filtering Schemes................................................................... 18
2.5 DC-Power Bus Configurations.......................................................................... 20
2.6 Decoupling Devices and Multilayered Substrates.............................................. 23
2.7 Switching Interconnects and Integrated Vias..................................................... 25
2.8 Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits........................................................ 27
2.8.1 Microstrip Antennas in EMC Arrangements........................................ 27
2.8.2 Enhanced Designs with Embedded Circuit Elements........................... 34
2.9 PCBs in Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical Systems............................. 37
References.................................................................................................................... 40
3. Electromagnetic Interference, Immunity, Shielding, and Signal Integrity............. 45
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 45
3.2 Time-Domain Methods for EMI Characterization........................................... 45
3.2.1 The Finite Integration Technique.......................................................... 46
Contents
viii Modern EMC Ana lysis Tec hni ques
3.2.2 The Finite-Element Time-Domain Method......................................... 48
3.2.3 The Finite-Volume Time-Domain Algorithm....................................... 52
3.2.4 The Multiresolution Time-Domain Technique...................................... 53
3.3 EMI Analysis and Immunity Testing of Antenna Structures............................. 56
3.3.1 Enhanced-Performance Radiators with a Complex Geometry.............. 57
3.3.2 Antennas in Wireless Local Area Networks........................................... 69
3.3.3 Specialized Configurations..................................................................... 75
3.4 Shielding Applications and Signal Integrity....................................................... 79
3.5 EMI Investigation of Radio Frequency Micromechanical System Layouts....... 82
References.................................................................................................................... 85
4. Bioelectromagnetic Problems—Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields........ 91
4.1 Introduction........................................................................................................ 91
4.2 Basic Features of Time-Domain Numerical Simulations................................... 92
4.2.1 Computational Models of the Human Head and Body......................... 92
4.2.1.1 The Case of Human Head....................................................... 92
4.2.1.2 The Case of Human Body....................................................... 93
4.2.2 Frequency-Dependent FDTD Schemes................................................ 96
4.2.3 Compliance with International Safety Standards................................... 99
4.3 Biological Effects of Cellular Phone Radiation.................................................. 99
4.3.1 Discrete Models of Various Cellular Phone Types............................... 100
4.3.2 Comparative Study—Numerical Results.............................................. 102
4.3.3 Examination of Thermal Effects.......................................................... 112
4.3.3.1 Theoretical Formulation........................................................ 112
4.3.3.2 Thermal Simulations............................................................. 118
4.4 Investigation of Wireless Local Area Networks............................................... 120
4.4.1 Sar Calculations.................................................................................... 120
4.4.1.1 Near-Field Sources................................................................ 120
4.4.1.2 Far-Field Sources................................................................... 120
4.4.2 Thermal Analysis.................................................................................. 128
4.5 Accuracy and Implementation Aspects............................................................ 130
4.6 Other Biomedical Applications........................................................................ 131
References.................................................................................................................. 132
5. Time-Domain Characterization of EMC Test Facilities..................................... 137
5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 137
5.2 Formulation of the ADI-FDTD Method........................................................ 138
CONTENTS ix
5.2.1 Conventional Algorithm...................................................................... 138
5.2.2 Unconditionally Stable Nonstandard Schemes..................................... 140
5.2.2.1 Nonstandard Curvilinear Spatial/Temporal Operators.......... 141
5.2.2.2 The Generalized ADI-FDTD Method................................. 144
5.3 Experimental and Measurement Procedures.................................................... 146
5.3.1 Open-Area Test Sites........................................................................... 146
5.3.2 Performance Optimization and Basic EMC Quantities....................... 147
5.3.3 Numerical Simulation Premises............................................................ 150
5.4 Anechoic and Semianechoic Chambers........................................................... 152
5.4.1 Models of Different Absorber Linings................................................. 153
5.4.2 Wideband Analysis of EMC Anechoic Chambers............................... 155
5.4.3 Efficiency Considerations..................................................................... 166
5.5 Reverberation Chambers.................................................................................. 172
5.5.1 Basic Configurations............................................................................ 172
5.5.2 Numerical Investigation....................................................................... 173
5.6 TEM and GTEM Cells................................................................................... 175
References.................................................................................................................. 177
6. L arge-Scale EMC and Electrostatic Discharge Problems................................... 183
6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 183
6.2 Hybrid Time-Domain Schemes with Optimal Gridding Density................... 183
6.3 Domain Decomposition and Interface Boundary Conditions.......................... 186
6.4 Indicative Application ..................................................................................... 189
6.5 ESD Aspects in EMC Analysis....................................................................... 193
6.6 Numerical Verification...................................................................................... 193
References.................................................................................................................. 195
7. Contemporary Material Modeling in EMC Applications................................... 199
7.1 Introduction...................................................................................................... 199
7.2 Double-Negative Metamaterials...................................................................... 199
7.2.1 Theoretical Formulation....................................................................... 200
7.2.2 A Generalized Time-Domain Methodology........................................ 202
7.2.3 Metamaterial-Based EMC Applications.............................................. 204
7.2.4 Performance Optimization of Arbitrarily Sized DNG Slabs............... 210
7.2.4.1 Infinite and Finite Planar DNG Slabs................................... 210
7.2.4.2 Adjustable-Angle Triangular Lossy DNG Slabs................... 213
7.3 Bi-Isotropic and Chiral Media......................................................................... 217
Modern EMC Ana lysis Tec hni ques
7.3.1 Dispersive FDTD Schemes for Complex Wave Interactions............... 217
7.3.2 Numerical Simulations......................................................................... 221
7.4 Nanostructures and Nanotechnology Applications.......................................... 223
7.5 Periodic Photonic Crystal Configurations........................................................ 226
7.5.1 Propagation Through Dielectric-Rod Photonic Crystals..................... 227
7.5.2 Waveguiding and Power Splitting Via Photonic Crystals.................... 229
References.................................................................................................................. 231


Electromagnetics_Explained_A_Handbook.pdf (5.25 MB, 下载次数: 224 )

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apteye

explain

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yxy7968

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yxy7968

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