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Floating-point arithmetic is considered an esotoric subject by many people. This is rather surprising, because floating-point is ubiquitous in computer systems:
Almost every language has a floating-point datatype; computers from PCs to supercomputers have floating-point accelerators; most compilers will be called upon to compile float-point algorithms from time to time;
and virtually every operating system must respond to floating-point exceptions such as overflow This paper presents a tutorial on the aspects of floating-point that have a direct impact on designers of computer systems. It begins with background on floating-point representation and rounding error, continues with a discussion of the IEEE floating-point standard, and concludes with examples of how computer system builders can better support floating point, Categories and Subject Descriptors:
(Primary)
C.0 [Computer Systems Organization]: General–instruction set design;
D.3.4 [Programming Languages]: Processors —compders, optirruzatzon;
G. 1.0 [Numerical Analysis]: General—computer arithmetic, error analysis, numerzcal algorithms
(Secondary)
D. 2.1 [Software Engineering]: Requirements/Specifications– languages;
D, 3.1 [Programming Languages]: Formal Definitions and Theory —semantZcs D ,4.1 [Operating Systems]: Process Management—synchronization General Terms: Algorithms, Design, Languages Additional Key Words and Phrases: denormalized number, exception, floating-point, floating-point standard, gradual underflow, guard digit, NaN, overflow, relative error, rounding error, rounding mode, ulp, underflow
Floating-Point Arithmetic.pdf
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发表于 2014-3-24 08:02:24
