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Introduction ......................................................................... 1
Intended Audience ....................................................................... 2
The Rest of This Book .................................................................. 3
Chapter 1: Introducing the Peripheral Component
Interconnect (PCI) Bus .......................................................... 5
So What is a Computer Bus? ........................................................ 6
Bus Taxonomy............................................................................... 7
What’s Wrong with ISA and Attempts to Fix It ......................... 9
The VESA Local Bus.................................................................. 10
Introducing PCI .......................................................................... 11
Features ....................................................................................... 11
The PCI Special Interest Group ................................................. 12
PCI Signals ................................................................................. 13
Signal Groups ............................................................................. 13
Signal Types ................................................................................ 18
Sideband Signals ......................................................................... 19
Definitions .................................................................................. 20
Summary ..................................................................................... 21
Chapter 2: Arbitration ....................................................... 22
The Arbitration Process ............................................................. 22
An Example of Fairness .............................................................. 25
Bus Parking ................................................................................. 26
Latency........................................................................................ 27
Summary ..................................................................................... 31
Chapter 3: Bus Protocol ..................................................... 32
PCI Bus Commands .................................................................... 32
Basic Read/Write Transactions ................................................... 34
Transaction Termination — Master ........................................... 45
Transaction Termination — Target ............................................ 45
Error Detection and Reporting ................................................... 51
Summary ..................................................................................... 54
Chapter 4: Optional and Advanced Features ..................... 56
Interrupt Handling ..................................................................... 56
The Interrupt Acknowledge Command ..................................... 59
“Special” Cycle ........................................................................... 60
64-bit Extensions ........................................................................ 62
Summary ..................................................................................... 66
Chapter 5: Electrical and Mechanical Issues ..................... 67
A “Green” Architecture ............................................................. 67
Signaling Environments — 3.3V and 5V .................................. 70
5 Volt Signaling Environment.................................................... 72
3.3 Volt Signaling Environment................................................. 77
Timing Specifications ................................................................. 81
66 MHz PCI ................................................................................ 85
Mechanical Details ..................................................................... 88
Summary ..................................................................................... 90
Chapter 6: Plug and Play Configuration ............................ 92
Background ................................................................................. 92
Configuration Address Space ..................................................... 93
Configuration Header — Type 0 ................................................ 95
Base Address Registers (BAR) ................................................. 103
Expansion ROM ....................................................................... 107
Capabilities List ........................................................................ 110
Vital Product Data .................................................................... 111
Summary ................................................................................... 115
Chapter 7: PCI BIOS ......................................................... 116
Operating Modes ...................................................................... 116
Is the BIOS There? ................................................................... 117
BIOS Services ........................................................................... 118
Generate Special Cycle ............................................................ 120
Summary ................................................................................... 124
Chapter 8: PCI Bridging ................................................... 125
Bridge Types .............................................................................. 125
Configuration Address Types.................................................... 128
Configuration Header — Type 1 .............................................. 129
Bus Hierarchy and Bus Number Registers ................................ 130
Address Filtering — the Base and Limit Registers ................... 132
Prefetching and Posting to Improve Performance ................... 135
Interrupt Handling Across a Bridge ......................................... 136
Bridge Support for VGA — Palette “Snooping”...................... 140
Resource Locking ...................................................................... 142
Summary ................................................................................... 146
Chapter 9: CompactPCI .................................................... 148
Why CompactPCI? ................................................................... 148
Mechanical Implementation .................................................... 150
Electrical Implementation ........................................................ 155
CompactPCI Bridging .............................................................. 162
Summary ................................................................................... 165 |
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