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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 39, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2004
A Study of Injection Locking and Pulling in Oscillators
by
Behzad Razavi, Fellow, IEEE
Abstract
Injection locking characteristics of oscillators are derived
and a graphical analysis is presented that describes injection
pulling in time and frequency domains. An identity obtained from
phase and envelope equations is used to express the requisite oscillator
nonlinearity and interpret phase noise reduction. The behavior
of phase-locked oscillators under injection pulling is also
formulated.
Index Terms
Adler’s equation, injection locking, injection
pulling, oscillator nonlinearity, oscillator pulling, quadrature
oscillators. |
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