免费Nios教材.pdf 非扫描

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第一章 绪论....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 概述...................................................................................................................................1
1.2 本书内容安排....................................................................................................................3
1.3 设计步骤............................................................................................................................4
1.4 支持Nios CPU的FPGA型号.............................................................................................5
第二章 SOPC Builder开发环境......................................................................................................8
2.1 创建Quartus II工程...........................................................................................................8
2.2 创建 Nios 系统模块......................................................................................................10
2.2.1 创建新的 .bdf ......................................................................................................10
2.2.2 开始使用SOPC Builder........................................................................................11
2.2.3 系统主频...............................................................................................................12
2.2.4 加入CPU和IP模块...............................................................................................12
2.2.5 指定基地址...........................................................................................................21
2.2.6 配置Nios系统.......................................................................................................22
2.2.7 生成Nios32 并把它加入到设计中......................................................................23
2.2.8 把符号（symbol）加入到BDF文件中...............................................................24
2.2.9 加入引脚和基本单元...........................................................................................25
2.2.10 命名引脚.............................................................................................................26
2.2.11 进行最后连接.....................................................................................................27
2.3 编译（Compilation）......................................................................................................28
2.3.1 创建编译器设置...................................................................................................28
2.3.2 指定器件系列（Device Family）与型号...........................................................28
2.3.3 为器件引脚分配信号...........................................................................................29
2.3.4 确认引脚分配.......................................................................................................30
2.3.5 指定设备与编程设置...........................................................................................30
2.3.6 指定配置文件类型...............................................................................................31
2.3.7 编译用户设计.......................................................................................................31
2.4 编程（Programming）....................................................................................................32
2.4.1 配置FPGA ............................................................................................................32
2.4.2 在Nios系统上运行软件.......................................................................................34
第三章 Nios CPU结构..................................................................................................................36
3.1 NIOS处理器概述.............................................................................................................36
3.1.1 指令总线主端口...................................................................................................37
3.1.2 数据总线主端口...................................................................................................37
3.1.3 缓冲存储器...........................................................................................................38
3.1.4 移位单元...............................................................................................................38
3.1.5 乘法支持...............................................................................................................38
3.1.6 中断支持...............................................................................................................39
3.1.7 Nios片上调试模块................................................................................................39
3.1.8 开发环境...............................................................................................................39
3.2 内部寄存器......................................................................................................................39
3.2.1 通用寄存器文件...................................................................................................39
3.2.2 K寄存器.................................................................................................................41
3.2.3 %r0（%g0）寄存器..............................................................................................41
3.2.4 程序计数器...........................................................................................................41
3.2.5 控制寄存器...........................................................................................................41
3.3 流水线..............................................................................................................................44
3.4 存储器组织......................................................................................................................46
3.5 寻址方式..........................................................................................................................50
3.6 程序流程控制..................................................................................................................52
第四章 Avalon总线规范...............................................................................................................54
4.1 概述.................................................................................................................................54
4.2 术语和概念......................................................................................................................55
4.3 Avalon总线传输...............................................................................................................58
4.3.1 主端口接口与从端口接口...................................................................................58
4.3.2 Avalon总线时序....................................................................................................58
4.3.3 Avalon总线信号....................................................................................................59
4.3.4 并发多主端口的Avalon总线需考虑的事项.......................................................60
4.4 Avalon从端口传输...........................................................................................................60
4.4.1 从传输的Avalon总线信号...................................................................................60
4.4.2 Avalon总线上的从端口读传输.............................................................................62
4.4.3 在Avalon总线上的从端口写传输.......................................................................66
4.5 Avalon主端口传输...........................................................................................................70
4.5.1 主传输的Avalon信号...........................................................................................71
4.5.2 Avalon总线上的基本主端口读传输.....................................................................72
4.5.3 Avalon总线上的基本主端口写传输.....................................................................73
4.6 高级Avalon总线传输......................................................................................................75
4.6.1 带延迟的Avalon读传输.......................................................................................75
4.6.2 流传输模式...........................................................................................................81
4.6.3 Avalon总线控制信号.............................................................................................87
4.7 片外设备与Avalon总线的接口......................................................................................88
4.7.1 从传输的Avalon三态信号...................................................................................88
4.7.2 无延迟的Avalon三态从端口读传输...................................................................89
4.7.3 带固定延迟的Avalon三态从端口读传输...........................................................91
4.7.4 Avalon三态从端口写传输.....................................................................................92
4.8 Avalon总线地址对齐方式...............................................................................................94
4.8.1 地址对齐概述.......................................................................................................94
4.8.2 为Avalon外设选择地址对齐参数.......................................................................94
4.8.3 静态地址对齐.......................................................................................................95
4.8.4 动态地址对齐.......................................................................................................98
4.9 连接到外部设备..............................................................................................................99
第五章 软件设计流程和方法.....................................................................................................101
5.1 软件开发包....................................................................................................................101
5.1.1 软件开发流程.....................................................................................................101
5.1.2 SDK树目录简介..................................................................................................102
5.1.3 编译后代码结构.................................................................................................106
5.1.4 Nios库函数..........................................................................................................106
5.1.5 高级C语言支持..................................................................................................109
5.2 软件开发常用命令........................................................................................................110
5.2.1 hexout2flash .........................................................................................................110
5.2.2 nios_build............................................................................................................. 111
5.2.3 nios-console .........................................................................................................112
5.2.4 nios-convert..........................................................................................................112
5.2.5 nios-debug............................................................................................................113
5.2.6 nios-run ................................................................................................................114
5.2.7 srec2flash .............................................................................................................114
第六章 外设的组织与使用.........................................................................................................116
6.1 SOPC Builder与PTF文件...............................................................................................116
6.1.1 SOPC Builder组成...............................................................................................116
6.1.2 PTF文件的两种类型...........................................................................................117
6.1.3 SOPC Builder设计流程.......................................................................................121
6.2 SOPC Builder的外设......................................................................................................128
6.2.1 定时器.................................................................................................................128
6.2.2 并行输入输出模块.............................................................................................132
6.2.3 异步收发器（UART） ......................................................................................134
6.2.4 DMA控制器........................................................................................................142
第七章 中断处理.........................................................................................................................147
7.1 中断处理过程................................................................................................................147
7.1.1 异常处理的基础知识.........................................................................................147
7.1.2 Nios中断处理基础..............................................................................................148
7.1.3 Nios异常处理步骤..............................................................................................151
7.2 中断处理的例子：UART收发程序.............................................................................152
7.2.1 在Nios系统中实现ISR.......................................................................................152
7.2.2 串口通信基础.....................................................................................................153
7.2.3 实现Nios UART ISR ..........................................................................................154
7.2.4 代码示例.............................................................................................................155
第八章 调试手段.........................................................................................................................164
8.1 GERMS监控程序...........................................................................................................164
8.1.1 监控程序命令.....................................................................................................164
8.1.2 GERMS引导过程................................................................................................165
8.1.3 采用GERMS从闪存中引导系统.......................................................................165
8.2 FS2 公司的System Analyzer..........................................................................................169
8.2.1 简介.....................................................................................................................169
8.2.2 设置调试器.........................................................................................................170
8.2.3 使用调试器.........................................................................................................172
8.2.4 调试命令列表.....................................................................................................178
8.2.5 OCI调试模块相关软件子程序...........................................................................184
第九章 高级特性.........................................................................................................................186
9.1 用户自定义指令............................................................................................................186
9.1.1 用户自定义指令的概念.....................................................................................186
9.1.2 硬件接口.............................................................................................................187
9.1.3 软件接口.............................................................................................................190
9.1.4 加速效果.............................................................................................................192
9.1.5 用户自定义指令实例.........................................................................................192
9.2 并发多主设备总线结构................................................................................................197
9.2.1 传统总线结构.....................................................................................................197
9.2.2 并发多主设备总线结构.....................................................................................198
9.3 Nios嵌入式处理器设计的模拟.....................................................................................203
9.3.1 软件配置.............................................................................................................203
9.3.2 模拟设置.............................................................................................................203
9.3.3 使用ModelSim进行模拟....................................................................................208
9.3.4 分析模拟结果.....................................................................................................211
9.3.5 增加或删除波形图信号.....................................................................................218
9.3.6 片外存储器模拟.................................................................................................218
第十章 新版Nios II的特点.........................................................................................................221
10.1 简介..............................................................................................................................221
10.2 处理器的实现..............................................................................................................222
10.3 寄存器文件..................................................................................................................222
10.4 算术逻辑单元..............................................................................................................222
10.4.1 未实现的指令...................................................................................................223
10.4.2 用户自定义指令...............................................................................................223
10.5 异常和中断的控制......................................................................................................223
10.5.1 异常控制器.......................................................................................................223
10.5.2 集成的中断控制器...........................................................................................223
10.6 存储器与I/O组织........................................................................................................223
10.6.1 指令和数据总线...............................................................................................224
10.6.2 缓存...................................................................................................................225
10.6.3 地址映射...........................................................................................................226
10.7 硬件辅助调试模块......................................................................................................226
附录一 汇编指令及伪指令参考.................................................................................................227
符号说明...............................................................................................................................227
32 位指令集..........................................................................................................................227
IFS和SKPS指令的条件代码...............................................................................................230
汇编语言伪指令与宏...........................................................................................................231
附录二 Altera 2003 年Nios 嵌入式软核心处理器设计大赛获奖项目集................................232
参考文献......................................................................................................................................284





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Nios教材.pdf (3.88 MB, 下载次数: 739 )

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xcvzbff

xxfx  谢谢分享

chujn

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linyuanfei

s00750

下来看看

vikingg

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mtwumtwu

good reference data for NOIS

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kankanxian

miles

谢谢,可否告知出处

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