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PHYSICAL DESIGN ESSENTIALS
An ASIC Design Implementation Perspective
Khosrow Golshan
Conexant Systems, Inc.
The goal of this book is to provide the essential steps required in the physical
design of Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). It is the intention
that the book present self-contained material and enough detail so as to give
the reader a basic idea of ASIC design implementation.
The first generation of modern electronics is thought to have begun in 1942
with the invention of electronic switches and miniature vacuum tubes. By
1946, a large-scale computing device based on these new inventions was
Integration and Calculation (ENIAC). ENIAC could perform thousands of
calculations per second and was used in many applications such as scientific
research and weather predictions.
With the introduction of the first working transistor in 1948, the second
generation of the electronic era began. This era was mainly characterized by
the change from vacuum tubes to transistor technology. Vacuum tubes were
gradually replaced in the design of switching circuits by discrete transistors.
By 1965, the third generation of electronics began with the development of
circuits. In addition, semiconductor memories, such the Read Only Memory
(ROM) and Random Access Memory (RAM), began to augment the system
designs. This resulted in the substantial reduction of the physical size and
cost of the systems. This generation propelled the rapid integration of circuit
design forms (small, medium, and large) to very large devices that contained
millions of transistors.
developed. The computing device was known as Electronic Numerical
the Integrated Circuit (IC). The IC started to replace discrete transistor |
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