Battery Management Systems Design by Modelling

felixkao · 发表于 2008-12-17 10:26:59

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這是 Hennie Alblas在Philip所寫關於電池充電系統的論文,
我覺得還不錯, 跟大家分享.

1. Introduction 1
1.1 The energy chain 1
1.2 Definition of a Battery Management System 3
1.3 Motivation of the research described in this thesis 4
1.4 Scope of this thesis 5
1.5 References 6
2. Battery Management Systems 9
2.1 A general Battery Management System 9
2.2 Battery Management System parts 10
2.2.1 The Power Module (PM) 10
2.2.2 The battery 14
2.2.3 The DC/DC converter 18
2.2.4 The load 19
2.2.5 The communication channel 19
2.3 Examples of Battery Management Systems 22
2.3.1 Introduction 22
2.3.2 Comparison of BMS in a low-end and
high-end shaver 22
2.3.3 Comparison of BMS in two types of cellular
phones 25
2.4 References 29
3. Basic information on batteries 31
3.1 Historical overview 31
3.2 Battery systems 33
3.2.1 Definitions 33
3.2.2 Battery design 35
3.2.3 Battery characteristics 36
3.3 General operational mechanism of batteries 43
3.3.1 Introduction 43
3.3.2 Basic thermodynamics 44
3.3.3 Kinetic and diffusion overpotentials 45
3.3.4 Double-layer capacitance 50
3.3.5 Battery voltage 52
3.4 References 52
4. Battery modelling 55
4.1 General approach to modelling batteries 55
4.1.1 Chemical and electrochemical potential 58
4.1.2 Modelling chemical and electrochemical reactions 59
4.1.3 Modelling mass transport 67
4.1.4 Modelling thermal behaviour 82
4.2 A simulation model of a rechargeable NiCd battery 86
4.2.1 Introduction 86
4.2.2 The nickel reaction 89
4.2.3 The cadmium reactions 92
4.2.4 The oxygen reactions 97
4.2.5 Temperature dependence of the reactions 102
4.2.6 The model 103
4.3 A simulation model of a rechargeable Li-ion battery 107
4.3.1 Introduction 107
4.3.2 The LiCoO2 electrode reaction 108
4.3.3 The LiC6 electrode reaction 113
4.3.4 The electrolyte solution 117
4.3.5 Temperature dependence of the reactions 118
4.3.6 The model 118
4.4 Parameterization of the NiCd battery model 124
4.4.1 Introduction 124
4.4.2 Mathematical parameter optimization 126
4.4.3 Results and discussion 131
4.4.4 Quality of the parameter set presented in section
4.4.3 under different charging conditions 138
4.4.5 Results obtained with a modified NiCd battery
model and discussion 144
4.5 Simulation examples 149
4.5.1 Simulations using the NiCd model presented in
section 4.2 149
4.5.2 Simulations using the Li-ion model presented in
section 4.3 155
4.6 Conclusions 162
4.7 References 165
5. Battery charging algorithms 169
5.1 Charging algorithms for NiCd and NiMH batteries 169
5.1.1 Charging modes, end-of-charge triggers and
charger features 169
5.1.2 Differences between charging algorithms
for NiCd and NiMH batteries 175
5.1.3 Simulation example: an alternative charging
algorithm for NiCd batteries 177
5.2 Charging algorithm for Li-ion batteries 184
5.2.1 The basic principle 184
5.2.2 The influence of charge voltage on the
charging process 186
5.2.3 The influence of charge current on the
charging process 187
5.2.4 Simulation example: fast charging of a
Li-ion battery 188
5.3 Conclusions 191
5.4 References 192
6. Battery State-of-Charge indication 193
6.1 Possible State-of-Charge indication methods 193
6.1.1 Definitions 193
6.1.2 Direct measurements 195
6.1.3 Book-keeping systems 199
6.1.4 Adaptive systems 202
6.1.5 Some remarks on accuracy and reliability 203
6.2 Experimental tests using the bq2050 204
6.2.1 Operation of the bq2050 204
6.2.2 Set-up of the experiments 206
6.2.3 Results and discussion 208
6.2.4 Conclusions of the experiments 211
6.3 Direct measurements for Li-ion batteries: the EMF method 212
6.3.1 Introduction 212
6.3.2 EMF measurement methods 212
6.3.3 Measured and simulated EMF curves for the
CGR17500 Li-ion battery 214
6.3.4 Conclusions 219
6.4 A simple mathematical model for overpotential description 219
6.5 Proposed set-up for State-of-Charge system 225
6.5.1 The algorithm 225
6.5.2 Comparison with the bq2050 system 229
6.5.3 Comparison with systems found in the literature 230
6.6 Experimental tests with the system proposed in section 6.5 231
6.6.1 Introduction 231
6.6.2 Set-up of the experiments 231
6.6.3 Experimental results 232
6.6.4 Discussion of the results 235
6.6.5 Conclusions of the experiments 237
6.7 Conclusions 238
6.8 References 239
7. Optimum supply strategies for Power Amplifiers
in cellular phones 241
7.1 Trends in cellular systems 241
7.2 The efficiency control concept 245
7.2.1 Basic information on Power Amplifiers 246
7.2.2 Optimum supply voltage for optimum efficiency 250
7.3 DC/DC conversion principles 251
7.3.1 Linear voltage regulators 252
7.3.2 Capacitive voltage converters 253
7.3.3 Inductive voltage converters 255
7.3.4 EMI problems involved in capacitive and
inductive voltage converters 258
7.3.5 Inductive voltage conversion for efficiency control 258
7.4 Simulation model derivation 258
7.4.1 DC/DC down-converter 258
7.4.2 Power Amplifier 260
7.5 Theoretical benefits of efficiency control 261
7.5.1 Simulation set-up 262
7.5.2 Results and discussion 263
7.5.3 Conclusions 265
7.6 Experimental results obtained with a CDMA PA 266
7.6.1 Measurement set-up 266
7.6.2 Measurement results and discussion of part 1:
no DC/DC converter 267
7.6.3 Measurement results and discussion of part 2:
with DC/DC converter 269
7.6.4 Estimation of talk time increase in a
complete CDMA cellular phone 271
7.7 Application of efficiency control in a GSM cellular phone 274
7.7.1 GSM power control protocol 274
7.7.2 Modifications in the Spark GSM phone 276
7.7.3 Measurement results and discussion 279
7.7.4 Conclusions of the experiments 281
7.8 Conclusions 281
7.9 References 282
8. General conclusions and recommendations 285
8.1 General conclusions 285
8.2 Recommendations 287
8.3 References 289
List of publications and patents 291
Summary 293
Samenvatting 297
Dankwoord 303
Curriculum Vitae (English) 305
Curriculum Vitae (Nederlands) 306

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