嵌入式硬件设计

kong2008

Table of Contents
Preface ix
Chapter One Review of Electronics Fundamentals......................1
Objectives.......................................................................2
Embedded Microcomputer Applications.........................2
Microcomputer and Microcontroller Architectures..........4
Digital Hardware Concepts..............................................6
Logic Symbols...............................................................17
Timing Diagrams...........................................................19
Multiplexed Bus............................................................20
Loading and Noise Margin Analysis...............................21
The Design and Development Process...........................21
Chapter One Problems..................................................22
Chapter Two Microcontroller Concepts....................................23
Organization: von Neumann vs. Harvard......................24
Microprocessor/Microcontroller Basics.........................24
The 8051 Family Microcontroller
Processor Architecture..............................................27
The 8051 Family Microcontroller
Instruction Set Summary..........................................42
Chapter Two Problems.................................................56
Chapter Three Worst-Case Timing, Loading,
Analysis, and Design............................................57
Timing Diagram Notation Conventions........................58
Fan-Out and Loading Analysis—DC and AC................63
Logic Family IC Characteristics and Interfacing............75
Design Example: Noise Margin Analysis Spreadsheet....82
Worst-Case Timing Analysis Example...........................90
Chapter Three Review Problems...................................92
Chapter Four Memory Technologies and Interfacing................95
Memory Taxonomy......................................................96
Read/Write Memories.................................................100
Read-Only Memory....................................................101
Other Memory Types..................................................104
JEDEC Memory Pin-Outs...........................................105
Device Programmers...................................................106
Memory Organization Considerations.........................107
Parametric Considerations..........................................109
Asynchronous vs. Synchronous Memory.....................110
Error Detection and Correction...................................111
Memory Management.................................................113
Chapter Four Problems...............................................115
Chapter Five CPU Bus Interface and Timing.......................,....117
Read and Write Operations...................................,.....117
Address, Data, and Control Buses..................,.............118
Address Spaces and Decoding..........................,...........120
Chapter Five Problems.....................................,..........124
Chapter Six A Detailed Design Example................................125
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)............................125
External Data Memory Cycles.....................................134
Design Problem 1.......................................................138
Design Problem 2.......................................................139
Design Problem 3.......................................................140
Chapter Six Problems.................................................143
Chapter Seven Programmable Logic Devices.............................145
Introduction to Programmable Logic...........................147
Design Examples.........................................................153
Simple I/O Decoding and Interfacing Using PLDs........157
IC Design Using PCs........................................................157
Chapter Seven Problems..............................................159
Chapter Eight Basic I/O Interfaces................................................161
Direct CPU I/O Interfacing..........................................161
Simple Input/Output Devices......................................169
Program-Controlled I/O Bus Interfacing......................173
Direct Memory Access (DMA)....................................175
Elementary I/O Devices and Applications....................178
Chapter Eight Problems..............................................181
Chapter Nine Other Interfaces and Bus Cycles.........................183
Interrupt Cycles..........................................................184
Software Interrupts.....................................................184
Hardware Interrupts...................................................184
Chapter Ten Other Useful Stuff..............................................197
Construction Methods................................................197
Electromagnetic Compatibility...................................199
Electrostatic Discharge Effects....................................199
Fault Tolerance..........................................................200
Hardware Development Tools.....................................201
Software Development Tools......................................203
Other Specialized Design Considerations...................203
Processor Performance Metrics..................................206
Device Selection Process............................................207
Chapter Eleven Other Interfaces................................................209
Analog Signal Conversion..........................................210
Special Proprietary Synchronous Serial Interfaces.......211
Unconventional Use of DRAM for Low Cost
Data Storage...........................................................211
Digital Signal Processing/Digital Audio Recording......212
Appendix A Hardware Design Checklist................................215
Appendix B References, Web Links, and Other Sources........225
Index.........................................................................229

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