旅行青蛙--桌面天空人天气时钟

创客达闻西 · 发表于 2021-10-8 13:42:31

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九月一到，就有了秋意，秋意在一个多雾的黎明溜来，到了炎热的下午便不见踪影。它踮起脚尖掠过树顶，染红几片叶子，然后乘着一簇飞掠过山谷离开。秋天已悄悄到来，背上你的行囊，叫上你的小伙伴一起去外面看看缤纷的世界。这不我养的小青蛙已经出去旅行了，它总是会给我发一些它在旅游时候的照片，不过最近在外好像有了艳遇。给大家看看它寄回来的照片。

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我每当我看到我这里天气的变好或变差的时候，我都会去看看我的蛙儿子在哪里旅行。

功能：
1.接受当地时间及当地天气，显示在屏幕上
2.使用ESP32-E的电容触摸引脚，切换屏幕显示内容，显示青蛙旅行图片

一、准备材料

1.硬件材料：

2.外壳打印：点击链接获取图纸

二、制作过程

2.1 将各个模块按下图进行连接

2.2 安装开发板和库文件

关于如何下载本次使用的库文件，DFRobot_GDL库文件.
关于如何使用Firebeetle Board-ESP32-E，点击链接。
关于如何下载库文件，点击链接。

三、使用esp32获取网络天气及时间

ESP32同时支持STA以及AP模式的WiFi连接。

STA 模式：ESP32模块通过路由器连接互联网，手机或电脑通过互联网实现对设备的远程控制。
AP 模式：ESP32模块作为热点，实现手机或电脑直接与模块通信，实现局域网无线控制。
STA+AP 模式：两种模式的共存模式，即可以通过互联网控制可实现无缝切换，方便操作。

#include <BLEDevice.h>
#include <BLEServer.h>
#include <BLEUtils.h>
#include <BLE2902.h>
#define SERVICE_UUID "DFCD0001-36E1-4688-B7F5-EA07361B26A8"
#define CHARACTERISTIC1_UUID "DFCD000A-36E1-4688-B7F5-EA07361B26A8"
bool deviceConnected = false;
BLEServer *pServer;
BLEService *pService;
BLECharacteristic* pCharacteristic;
class MyServerCallbacks: public BLEServerCallbacks {
void onConnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
deviceConnected = true;
};
void onDisconnect(BLEServer* pServer) {
deviceConnected = false;
}
};
class MyCallbacks: public BLECharacteristicCallbacks {
void onWrite(BLECharacteristic *pCharacteristic) {
std::string value = pCharacteristic->getValue();
if (value.length() > 0) {
Serial.println("*********");
Serial.print("New value: ");
for (int i = 0; i < value.length(); i++){
Serial.print(value);
}
Serial.println();
Serial.println("*********");
pCharacteristic->notify();
}
}
};
void setupBLE()
{
BLEDevice::init("DFRobot_ESP32"); //创建BLE设备
pServer = BLEDevice::createServer(); //创建BLE服务器
pServer->setCallbacks(new MyServerCallbacks()); //设置服务器的回调函数
pService = pServer->createService(SERVICE_UUID); //创建BLE服务
pCharacteristic = pService->createCharacteristic(
CHARACTERISTIC1_UUID,
BLECharacteristic:ROPERTY_READ|
BLECharacteristic:ROPERTY_NOTIFY|
BLECharacteristic:ROPERTY_WRITE); //创建服务的特征值
pCharacteristic->setCallbacks(new MyCallbacks()); //设置特征值的回调函数
pCharacteristic->addDescriptor(new BLE2902());
pCharacteristic->setValue("Hello DFRobot");
pService->start();
BLEAdvertising *pAdvertising = pServer->getAdvertising();
pAdvertising->start();
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
setupBLE();
}
void loop() {
delay(3000);
}

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说明：本Demo实现了通过WiFi功能获取网络时间以及通过访问国家气象局提供的http://www.weather.com.cn/datalcityinfo/101010100.html来获取天气情况，本接口中“101010100"为城市代码。
注意：该例程需要下载ArduinoJson库，下载方式如下图

结果

四、添加旋转太空人图片

4.1 旋转太空人的动态图，其实是从动态图里面截取下来的4张图片  通过每100毫秒切换一张图片，达到旋转太空人的形态。

4.2 把图片转换成数组

4.3 把图片的数组存放到.h文件下

4.4 图片的使用代码如下

#include <DFRobot_GDL.h>
#include "BMP.h"
#define TFT_DC  D2
#define TFT_CS  D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
void setup() {
screen.begin();
}
void loop() {
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black1);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black2);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black3);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black4);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black5);
}

复制代码

4.5 图片动态展示

五、把从网络上获取到的天气和时间信息显示在TFT屏幕

5.1 python环境搭建       在使用setup.py脚本生成自定义字体之前，需要做如下准备:
登录网址https://www.python.org/downloads/，下载python3.6及以上版本；

安装完毕后，需要用下列命令安装python第三方依赖包:
pip3 install numpy
pip install freetype-py
pip install chardet

5.2 生成自定义字体
      把ttf文件放在库文件的对应ttf文件夹下，这里我提供了一个ttf文件，供大家使用。点击链接获取

将TTF字体文件存放在ttf文件夹里，例如：SIMKAI.TTF（简体字楷体）
在text.txt文件中输入你想生成的字符，例如：你好，世界！
打开config.txt文件，配置生成字体文件的名字前缀和字体大小

5.3 在屏幕上显示

运行setup.py脚本，会在font文件夹生成一系列后缀名为.h的字体文件，并弹出一个font.txt的文本，再进行以下步骤，即可在屏上显示：你好，世界！
将font文件夹里的文件复制到DFRobot_GDL\src\Fonts\Fonts目录下;
将弹出的font.txt的内容粘贴到DFRobot_GDL\src\Fonts\DFRobot_Font.h文件中;
打开Arduino IDE，构造屏对象，如tft，调用tft.setFont(&SIMKAIFont48pt);
调用tft.println("你好，世界！"),此时即可在屏上显示"你好，世界！"

5.4 显示天气和时间的代码如下
#include <DFRobot_GDL.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include "BMP.h"
HTTPClient http;
const char* ssid="dfrobotOffice";
const char* password="dfrobot2011";
const char* ntpServer = "pool.ntp.org";
const long gmtOffset_sec = 28800;
const int daylightOffset_sec = 0;
DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
DynamicJsonDocument doc1(1024);
#define TFT_DC  D2
#define TFT_CS  D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
String weekDays[]={"周天", "周一", "周二","周三", "周四", "周五", "周六"};
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  screen.begin();
  Serial.printf("Connecting to %s",ssid);
  WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
  while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println(" CONNECTED");
  configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer);
  screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
}
void printLocalWeather(){
http.begin("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101270101.html");
int httpCode = http.GET();
if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK){
   String pageData = http .getString();
   //Serial.println(pageData);
   deserializeJson(doc,pageData);
   JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
   String weatherInfo = obj["weatherinfo"];
   deserializeJson(doc1,weatherInfo);
   JsonObject obj1 = doc1.as<JsonObject>();
   String city = obj1["city"];
   String temp1 = obj1["temp1"];
   String temp2 = obj1["temp2"];
   String weather = obj1["weather"];
   String cityInfo = city;
   String tempInfo =temp1 + "~" + temp2;
   String cityWeatherinfo =weather;
   Serial.println("获得天气情况如下：");
   Serial.print(cityInfo);
   Serial.print(tempInfo);
   Serial.println(cityWeatherinfo);
   struct tm timeinfo;
   if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
   Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
   return ;
   }
   Serial.println(&timeinfo, "%F %R %u"); // 格式化输出
   //显示天气及时间信息
   screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/0);
   screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/55);
   screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
   screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0);
   screen.setTextColor(COLOR_RGB565_LGRAY);
   screen.setTextWrap(true);
   screen.setFont(&simkaiFont48pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/124,/*y=*/0);
   screen.println(weekDays[timeinfo.tm_wday]);
   screen.setFont(&simkaiFont24pt );//设置字体大小为24像素点大小
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/130,/*y=*/70); //设置显示光标
   screen.println(cityWeatherinfo);//屏幕显示天气状况，如多云转晴类字样
   screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/125,/*y=*/200,/*w=*/24,/*h=*/24,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black6);//屏幕显示位置图标
   screen.setFont(&simkaiFont36pt );//设置字体大小为36像素点大小
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/120,/*y=*/135);//设置显示光标
   screen.println(tempInfo);//屏幕显示温度信息
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/204,/*y=*/135);
   screen.println("°");//显示温度的符号
   screen.setCursor(/*x=*/150,/*y=*/190);
   screen.println(cityInfo);//屏幕显示你所在城市的位置信息
}else{
   Serial.println("GET ERR");
}
http.end();
}
void loop() {
if(WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED){
printLocalWeather();
  }else{
Serial.println("WiFi  Disconnect");
}
}

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5.5 显示效果

六、使用电容触摸显示青蛙儿子旅行照片

6.1 电容按键

ESP32提供了电容触摸传感器的功能, 共有T0,T2~T9 共 9个touch传感器可用.分别对应引脚4、2、15、13、12、14、27、33、32. 无需设置PinMode，touchRead()返回值为0~255. 触摸强度越大，返回值越小。烧录此例程，将使用4/D12引脚作为触摸按键，并通过串口监视器返回触摸值

void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
Serial.printf("touch:%d\n",touchRead(4));
}

复制代码
结果

6.2 选择放置的图片

6.3 触摸一次就切换一次图片代码

#include <DFRobot_GDL.h>
#include "BMP.h"
#define TFT_DC  D2
#define TFT_CS  D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
uint8_t randNumber;
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
uint8_t printfrog(uint8_t number){
switch(number){
case 0:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa1);//显示的随机图片
delay(2000);
break;
case 1:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa2);
delay(2000);
break;
case 2:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa3);
delay(2000);
break;
case 3:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa4);
delay(2000);
break;
case 4:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa5);
delay(2000);
break;
case 5:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa6);
delay(2000);
break;
}
  }
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  screen.begin();
}
void loop() {
   if(touchRead(4)<=20)
{
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
Serial.println("摸到了");
randNumber =random(PICNUMBER);
Serial.println(randNumber);//随机数的打印
printfrog(randNumber);
}
else{
   Serial.println("没有摸到");
   }
  }

复制代码

6.4  随机触摸显示图片效果展示

七、完整功能代码展示

#include <DFRobot_GDL.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <HTTPClient.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include "BMP.h"
HTTPClient http;
const char* ssid="dfrobotOffice";
const char* password="dfrobot2011";
const char* ntpServer = "pool.ntp.org";
const long gmtOffset_sec = 28800;
const int daylightOffset_sec = 0;
DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
DynamicJsonDocument doc1(1024);
#define TFT_DC  D2
#define TFT_CS  D6
#define TFT_RST D3
#define PICNUMBER 6
uint8_t randNumber;
uint16_t color = 0x00FF;
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
String weekDays[]={"周天", "周一", "周二","周三", "周四", "周五", "周六"};
DFRobot_ST7789_240x240_HW_SPI screen(/*dc=*/TFT_DC,/*cs=*/TFT_CS,/*rst=*/TFT_RST);
//打印输出所在地的时间函数
void printLocalTime(){
struct tm timeinfo;
if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
return ;
}
}
//每隔多少秒系统时间使用一次的函数
boolean doDelayMillisTime(long interval , boolean state) {
  unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
  if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
previousMillis = currentMillis;
state = !state;
  }
  return state;
}
//产生的随机数是几号就播放几号的图片
uint8_t printfrog(uint8_t number){
   struct tm timeinfo;
   if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
   Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
// return ;
}
switch(number){
case 0:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa1);//显示的随机图片
delay(2000);
break;
case 1:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa2);
delay(2000);
break;
case 2:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa3);
delay(2000);
break;
case 3:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa4);
delay(2000);
break;
case 4:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa5);
delay(2000);
break;
case 5:
screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0,/*w=*/240,/*h=*/240,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_qingwa6);
delay(2000);
break;
}
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);  //刷新一次屏幕
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/55);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
  }
//打印当地所在的天气
void printLocalWeather(){
http.begin("http://www.weather.com.cn/data/cityinfo/101270101.html");
int httpCode = http.GET();
if(httpCode == HTTP_CODE_OK){
   String pageData = http .getString();
   //Serial.println(pageData);
   deserializeJson(doc,pageData);
   JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
   String weatherInfo = obj["weatherinfo"];
   deserializeJson(doc1,weatherInfo);
   JsonObject obj1 = doc1.as<JsonObject>();
   String city = obj1["city"];
   String temp1 = obj1["temp1"];
   String temp2 = obj1["temp2"];
   String weather = obj1["weather"];
   String cityInfo = city;
   String tempInfo =temp1 + "~" + temp2;
   String cityWeatherinfo =weather;
   Serial.println("获得天气情况如下：");
   Serial.print(cityInfo);
   Serial.print(tempInfo);
   Serial.println(cityWeatherinfo);
   struct tm timeinfo;
   if(!getLocalTime(&timeinfo)){
   Serial.println("Failed to obtian time");
   return ;
   }
   Serial.println(&timeinfo, "%F %R %u"); // 格式化输出
//每当有触摸发生就显示图片
if(touchRead(4)<=20)
{
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
Serial.println("摸到了");
randNumber =random(PICNUMBER);
Serial.println(randNumber);//随机数的打印
printfrog(randNumber);
screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/0);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
screen.setCursor(/*x=*/6,/*y=*/55);
screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
}
else{
   Serial.println("没有摸到");
   }
  //每间隔20s刷新一次屏幕
  if (doDelayMillisTime(20000 , false) == true) {
  screen.fillScreen(COLOR_RGB565_BLACK);
  screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/0);
  screen.println(&timeinfo,"%H");
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/15,/*y=*/55);
  screen.println(&timeinfo,"%M");
  }
  //显示天气及时间信息
  screen.setFont(&simkaiFont72pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/0);
  screen.setTextColor(COLOR_RGB565_LGRAY);
  screen.setTextWrap(true);
  screen.setFont(&simkaiFont48pt );//Set the font to FreeMono12pt7b
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/124,/*y=*/0);
  screen.println(weekDays[timeinfo.tm_wday]);
  screen.setFont(&simkaiFont24pt );//设置字体大小为24像素点大小
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/130,/*y=*/70); //设置显示光标
  screen.println(cityWeatherinfo);//屏幕显示天气状况，如多云转晴类字样
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/125,/*y=*/200,/*w=*/24,/*h=*/24,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black6);//屏幕显示位置图标
  screen.setFont(&simkaiFont36pt );//设置字体大小为36像素点大小
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/120,/*y=*/135);//设置显示光标
  screen.println(tempInfo);//屏幕显示温度信息
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/204,/*y=*/135);
  screen.println("°");//显示温度的符号
  screen.setCursor(/*x=*/150,/*y=*/190);
  screen.println(cityInfo);//屏幕显示你所在城市的位置信息
  //旋转太空人的屏幕显示
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black1);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black2);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black3);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black4);
  delay(100);
  screen.drawPIC(/*x=*/0,/*y=*/124,/*w=*/124,/*h=*/124,/*bitmap gImage_Bitmap=*/( uint8_t*)gImage_black5);
}else{
   Serial.println("GET ERR");
}
http.end();
}
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(115200);
  screen.begin();
  Serial.printf("Connecting to %s",ssid);
  WiFi.begin(ssid,password);
  while(WiFi.status()!=WL_CONNECTED){
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println(" CONNECTED");
  configTime(gmtOffset_sec, daylightOffset_sec, ntpServer);
}
void loop() {
if(WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED){
printLocalWeather();
  }else{
Serial.println("WiFi  Disconnect");
}
}

复制代码

从这次的小应用中我学会了很多东西，比如在tft屏幕上显示图片、动态图、中文。如何抓取天气信息，如何把抓取到的信息显示到tft屏幕上。

所以去旅行吧，不理会繁杂的琐事，自由自在地，去体验一个城市，一段故事，留下一片欢笑。

silicon · 发表于 2021-10-8 14:08:13

太牛了！赞！

[原创] 旅行青蛙--桌面天空人天气时钟

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