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這是ebook--Analysis and Design of Low-Phase-Noise Integrated Voltage-Controlled Oscillators for Wide-Band RF Front-Ends
1 Motivation 1
1.1 Scope of this Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Publications Included in the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Other Related Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Summary of Appended Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Author’s Contributions in the Included
Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.6 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Introduction 9
2.1 Wireless Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.1 Heterodyne Receiver Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1.2 Homodyne Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.3 Frequency Synthesizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Oscillator Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.1 Integrated Inductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2.2 Frequency Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.3 Power Dissipation and Oscillation Amplitude . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 Phase Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3.1 Review of Leeson’s Phase Noise Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3.2 Review of a Linear Time-Variant Phase Noise Model . . . . . 21
2.3.3 Discussions and Comments on the LTV Model . . . . . . . . 26
2.4 CMOS VCO Topologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.1 Figure of Merit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.5 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3 Design of Wide-Band Multi-Phase CMOS VCOs 31
3.1 Narrow-Band Versus Wide-Band VCO Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.1.1 Wide-Band and Multi-Band Frequency Generation . . . . . . 32
3.1.2 Impact of Tank Q Variations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.1.3 Automatic Amplitude Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.2 Quadrature VCOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.2.1 Proposed QVCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.3 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4 Phase Noise 47
4.1 A General Expression for Phase Noise Generated by the Resonator . 48
4.2 Bipolar Colpitts Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.1 Oscillation Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2.2 Phase Noise due to Collector Current Shot Noise . . . . . . . 52
4.2.3 Phase Noise from the Base Resistance Thermal Noise . . . . 55
4.2.4 Theory Versus Simulations and Measurements . . . . . . . . 59
4.3 Minimum Phase Noise in CMOS Versus
Bipolar Colpitts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.4 Phase Noise in CMOS LC-Tank Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.4.1 Phase Noise in CMOS DS-VCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.4.2 Source of Phase Noise Degradation in the DS-VCO . . . . . . 72
4.4.3 Implementation and Experimental Verifications . . . . . . . . 73
4.5 Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5 Concluding Remarks 79
5.1 Future Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 |
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发表于 2007-8-21 17:18:33
