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| Jos´e M. de la Rosa and Roc ´ıo del R ´ıo University of Seville, Spain
 Jos´e M. de la Rosa and Roc ´ıo del R ´ıo
 University of Seville, Spain
 A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
 This edition first published 2013
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 MATLAB
 R
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 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
 Rosa, Jose M. de la.
 CMOS sigma-delta converters : practical design guide / Jose M. de la Rosa and
 Rocio del Rio.
 pages cm
 Includes bibliographical references and index.
 ISBN 978-1-119-97925-8 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-118-56922-1
 (ebook/epdf) — ISBN 978-1-118-56843-9 (epub) — ISBN 978-1-118-56842-2 (mobi)—
 ISBN 978-1-118-56923-8 1. Metal oxide semiconductors, Complementary—Design and
 construction. I. Title.
 TK7871.99.M44R668 2013
 621.3815
 
 9—dc23
 2012041956
 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
 ISBN: 978-1-119-97925-8
 Set in 10/12pt Times by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India
 This book is dedicated to the memory of my son Jos ´e Manuel
 Jos´eM.delaRosa
 To my wife Visi, my daughter Mar´ıa, my son Jaime,
 my parents Carmen and Juan, and my parents-in-law
 Mar´ıa Luisa and Jos ´e Antonio
 Jos´eM.delaRosa
 To my husband Juanan and my son Mario
 Roc´ıo del R´ıo
 “If you love what you do and are willing to do what it takes,
 it’s within your reach. And it’ll be worth every minute you
 spend alone at night, thinking and thinking about what it is
 you want to design or build. It’ll be worth it, I promise.”
 Steve Wozniak ( iWoz , 2006)
 Contents
 List of Abbreviations xvii
 Preface xxi
 Acknowledgements xxvii
 1 Introduction to  Modulators: Basic Concepts
 and Fundamentals 1
 1.1 Basics of A/D Conversion 2
 1.1.1 Sampling 2
 1.1.2 Quantization 3
 1.1.3 Quantization White Noise Model 4
 1.1.4 Noise Shaping 7
 1.2 Basics of Sigma-Delta Modulators 8
 1.2.1 Topology of  ADCs 8
 1.2.2 Signal Processing in Ms 9
 1.2.3 Performance Metrics ofMs 10
 1.2.4 Performance Enhancement of Ms 13
 1.3 Classification of  Modulators 15
 1.4 Single-Loop Modulators 16
 1.4.1 Second-OrderM 16
 1.4.2 High-Order Ms 20
 1.5 Cascade  Modulators 24
 1.6 Multibit  Modulators 29
 1.6.1 Influence of Multibit DAC Errors 30
 1.6.2 DEM Techniques 31
 1.6.3 Dual Quantization 34
 1.7 Band-Pass  Modulators 36
 1.7.1 Thez →−z
 2
 LP–BP Transformation 37
 1.7.2 BP-Ms with Optimized NTF 39
 1.8 Continuous-Time Modulators 41
 1.8.1 DT–CT Transformation of Ms 44
 1.8.2 Direct Synthesis of CT-Ms
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