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The motivation for this book is twofold. On the one hand, we provide a didactic tool
to students of communications systems. On the other hand, we present a discussion of
fundamental algorithms and structures for telecommunication technologies. The contents
reflect our experience in teaching courses on Algorithms for Telecommunications at the
University of Padova, Italy, as well as our professional experience acquired in industrial
research laboratories.
The text explains the procedures for solving problems posed by the design of systems
for reliable communications over wired or wireless channels. In particular, we focus on
fundamental developments in the field in order to provide the reader with the necessary
insight to design essential elements of various communications systems.
The book is divided into nineteen chapters. We briefly indicate four tracks corresponding
to specific areas and course work offered.
Track 1. Track 1 includes the basic elements for a first course on telecommunications,
which we regard as an introduction to the remaining tracks. It covers Chapter 1, which recalls
fundamental concepts on signals and random processes, with an emphasis on secondorder
statistical descriptions. A discussion of the characteristics of transmission media follows
in Chapter 4. In this track we focus on the description of noise in electronic devices
and on the laws of propagation in transmission lines and radio channels. The representation
of waveforms by sequences of binary symbols is treated in Chapter 5; for a first course it
is suggested that emphasis be placed on PCM. Next, Chapter 6 examines the fundamental
principles of a digital transmission system, where a sequence of information symbols is
sent over a transmission channel. We refer to Shannon theorem to establish the maximum
bit rate that can be transmitted reliably over a noisy channel. Signal dispersion caused by a
transmission channel is then analyzed in Chapter 7. Examples of elementary and practical
implementations of transmission systems are presented, together with a brief introduction to
computer simulations. The first three sections of Chapter 11, where we introduce methods
for increasing transmission reliability by exploiting the redundancy added to the information
bits, conclude the first track.
Track 2. Track 2, which is an extension of Track 1, focuses on modulation techniques.
First, parametric models of random processes are analyzed in Chapter 1. The Wiener filter
and the linear prediction theory, which constitute fundamental elements for receiver design,
are dealt with in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 lists iterative methods to achieve the objectives stated
xxx Preface
in Chapter 2, as well as various applications of the Wiener filter, for example channel
identification and interference cancellation. These applications are further developed in the
first two sections of Chapter 16.
In the first part of Chapter 8, channel equalization is examined as a further application
of the Wiener filter. In the second part of the chapter, more sophisticated methods of
equalization and symbol detection, which rely on the Viterbi algorithm and on the forwardbackward
algorithm, are analyzed. Initially single-carrier modulation systems are considered.
In Chapter 9, we introduce multicarrier modulation techniques, which are preferable
for transmission over very dispersive channels and/or applications that require flexibility in
spectral allocation. In Chapter 10 spread spectrum systems are examined, with emphasis to
applications for simultaneous channel access by several users that share a wideband channel.
The inherent narrowband interference rejection capabilities of spread spectrum systems,
as well as their implementations, are also discussed. This is followed by Chapter 18, which
illustrates specific modulation techniques developed for mobile radio applications.
Track 3. We observe the trend towards implementing transceiver functions using digital
signal processors. Therefore the algorithmic aspects of a transmission system are becoming
increasingly important. Hardware devices are assigned wherever possible only the functions
of analog front-end, fixed filtering, and digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital conversion.
This approach enhances the flexibility of transceivers, which can be utilized for more than
one transmission standard, and considerably reduces development time.
In line with the above considerations, Track 3 begins with a review of Chapters 2 and 3,
which illustrate the fundamental principles of transmission system design, and of Chapter 8,
which investigates individual building blocks for channel equalization and symbol detection.
The assumption that the transmission channel characteristics are known a priori is removed
in Chapter 15, where blind equalization techniques are discussed. Channel coding techniques
to improve the reliability of transmission are investigated in depth in Chapters 11 and 12.
A further method to mitigate channel dispersion is precoding. The operations of systems
that employ joint precoding and channel coding are explained in Chapter 13. Because of
electromagnetic coupling, the desired signal at the receiver is often disturbed by other
transmissions taking place simultaneously. Cancellation techniques to suppress interference
signals are treated in Chapter 16.
Track 4. Track 4 addresses various challenges encountered in designing wired and wireless
communications systems. The elements introduced in Chapters 2 and 3, as well as the
algorithms introduced in Chapter 8, are essential for this track. The principles of multicarrier
and spread spectrum modulation techniques, which are increasingly being adopted in
communications systems, are investigated in depth in Chapters 9 and 10, respectively. The
design of the receiver front-end, as well as various methods for timing and carrier recovery,
are dealt with in Chapter 14. Applications of interference cancellation and multi-user detection
are addressed in Chapter 16. An overview of wired and wireless access technologies
appears in Chapter 17, and specific examples of system design are given in Chapters 18
and 19. |
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