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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction: Phase-Locked Loops and Delay-Locked loops 1
1.1 Introduction …………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Phase-Locked Lops …………………………………………… 2
1.3 Delay-Locked loops …………………………………………... 8
1.4 Thesis Overview ………………………………………………. 9
Chapter 2 A One-Wire Approach for Skew Compensation Clock
Distribution Based on Bidirectional Techniques …………… 11
2.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………. 11
2.2 System Architecture …………………………………………… 12
2.3 Circuit Description …………………………………………….. 15
2.4 Experimental Results …………………………………………... 23
2.5 Summary ……………………………………………………….. 27
Chapter 3 Fast-Switching Frequency Synthesizer with a Discriminator-
Aided Phase Detector ………………………………………… 29
3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………. 29
3.2 Basic Idea and Model ………………………………………….. 30
3.3 Circuit Realization ……………………………………………... 36
3.4 Measurement Results …………………………………………... 43
3.5 Summary ……………………………………………………….. 47
Chapter 4 High-Frequency CMOS Prescalers …………………………. 49
4.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………. 49
4.2 Dual-Modulus Prescaler ……………………………………….. 50
4.2.1 Architecture ………………………………………………. 50
4.2.2 Circuit Description ………………………………………... 52
4.2.3 Circuit Simulation and Implementation …………………... 61
4.2.4 Experimental Results …………………………………….... 63
4.3 Multi-Modulus Prescaler ……………………………………….. 66
4.3.1 Architecture ……………………………………………….. 66
4.3.2 Circuit Description ……………………………………….. 70
4.3.3 Circuit Implementation and Experimental Results ………. 72
4.4 Summary ………………………………………………………. 76
Chapter 5 Planar-Inductor VCOs ………………………………………. 77
5.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………. 77
5.2 Oscillator Theory ………………………………………………. 78
5.3 Planar Inductors ……………………………………………….. 81
5.3.1 Spiral Inductor ……………………………………………. 81
5.3.2 Monolithic Transformer ………………………………….. 89
5.4 Varactors ………………………………………………………. 93
5.4.1 Diodes Varactor ………………………………………..… 93
5.4.2 MOSFET Varactor ………………..…………………....… 94
5.5 LC-Tank VCO Design …………………………………………. 96
5.5.1 Spiral-Inductor LC-Tank VCO …………………………… 96
5.5.2 Transformer LC-tank VCO ……………………………….. 99
5.6 Summary ……………………………………………………….. 103
Chapter 6 Gigahertz Monolithic Frequency Synthesizer ………………. 105
6.1 Introduction …………………………………………………….. 105
6.2 Analysis of Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loops ……………….. 107
6.3 Circuit Description ……………………………………………… 112
6.4 Measurements …………………………………………………... 122
6.5 Summary ………………………………………………………... 125
Chapter 7 Conclusions …………………………………………………….. 127
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………..….. 131
Publication List ………………………………………………………….…….. 139 |
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