【转】How to Use the vi Editor*

hsy75

【hsy75】这篇文章转自华盛顿大学一学生，是最最基础的vi介绍，英文也非常浅显，适合从来没用过vi的人第一次看。

The vi editor is available on almost all Unix systems.       vi can be used from any type of terminal because it does       not depend on arrow keys and function keys--it uses the       standard alphabetic keys for commands.        vi (pronounced "vee-eye") is short for "vi"sual editor.       It displays a window into the file being edited that shows       24 lines of text. vi is a text editor, not a "what you see       is what you get" word processor. vi lets you add, change,       and delete text, but does not provide such formatting       capabilities as centering lines or indenting       paragraphs.
        This help note explains the basics of vi:
        

• opening and closing a file
  
• moving around in a file
  
• elementary editing
  

        vi has many other commands and options not described       here. The following resources can help you get started       using the vi editor, and are available at the UW University       Book Store:
        

• "vi Tutorial." Specialized Systems Consultants         (SSC).
  
• "vi Reference." Specialized Systems Consultants         (SSC).
  
• "Learning the vi Editor." Linda Lamb, 1990.
  

        Starting vi

        You may use vi to open an already existing file by       typing
             vi filename         where "filename" is the name of the existing file. If       the file is not in your current directory, you must use the       full pathname.
        Or you may create a new file by typing
             vi newname         where "newname" is the name you wish to give the new       file.
        To open a new file called "testvi," enter
             vi testvi         On-screen, you will see blank lines, each with a tilde       (~) at the left, and a line at the bottom giving the name       and status of the new file:
        ~

             "testvi" [New file]         vi Modes

        vi has two modes:
        

• command mode
  
• insert mode
  

        In command mode, the letters of the keyboard perform. editing functions (like moving the cursor, deleting text,       etc.). To enter command mode, press the escape <Esc>       key.
        In insert mode, the letters you type form. words and       sentences. Unlike many word processors, vi starts up in       command mode.
        Entering Text

        In order to begin entering text in this empty file, you       must change from command mode to insert mode. To do this,       type
             i         Nothing appears to change, but you are now in insert       mode and can begin typing text. In general, vi's commands       do not display on the screen and do not require the Return       key to be pressed.
        Type a few short lines and press <Return> at the       end of each line. If you type a long line, you will notice       the vi does not word wrap, it merely breaks the line       unceremoniously at the edge of the screen.
        If you make a mistake, pressing <Backspace> or       <Delete> may remove the error, depending on your       terminal type.
        Moving the Cursor

        To move the cursor to another position, you must be in       command mode. If you have just finished typing text, you       are still in insert mode. Go back to command mode by       pressing <Esc>. If you are not sure which mode you       are in, press <Esc> once or twice until you hear a       beep. When you hear the beep, you are in command mode.
        The cursor is controlled with four keys: h, j, k, l.
            Key        Cursor Movement      ---        ---------------             h        left one space      j        down one line      k        up one line      l        right one space         When you have gone as far as possible in one direction,       the cursor stops moving and you hear a beep. For example,       you cannot use l to move right and wrap around to the next       line, you must use j to move down a line. See the section       entitled "Moving Around in a File" for ways to move more       quickly through a file.
        Basic Editing

        Editing commands require that you be command mode. Many       of the editing commands have a different function depending       on whether they are typed as upper- or lowercase. Often,       editing commands can be preceded by a number to indicate a       repetition of the command.
        Deleting Characters

        To delete a character from a file, move the cursor until       it is on the incorrect letter, then type
             x         The character under the cursor disappears. To remove       four characters (the one under the cursor and the next       three) type
            4x         To delete the character before the cursor, type
             X (uppercase)         Deleting Words

        To delete a word, move the cursor to the first letter of       the word, and type
             dw         This command deletes the word and the space following       it.
        To delete three words type
              3dw         Deleting Lines

        To delete a whole line, type
              dd         The cursor does not have to be at the beginning of the       line. Typing dd deletes the entire line containing the       cursor and places the cursor at the start of the next line.       To delete two lines, type
              2dd         To delete from the cursor position to the end of the       line, type
              D (uppercase)         Replacing Characters

        To replace one character with another:
        

• Move the cursor to the character to be replaced.
  
• Type r
  
• Type the replacement character.
  

        The new character will appear, and you will still be in       command mode.
        Replacing Words

        To replace one word with another, move to the start of       the incorrect word and type
            cw         The last letter of the word to be replaced will turn       into a $. You are now in insert mode and may type the       replacement. The new text does not need to be the same       length as the original. Press <Esc> to get back to       command mode. To replace three words, type
            3cw         Replacing Lines

        To change text from the cursor position to the end of       the line:
        

• Type C (uppercase).
  
• Type the replacement text.
  
• Press <Esc>.
  

        Inserting Text

        To insert text in a line:
        

• Position the cursor where the new text should         go.
  
• Type i
  
• Enter the new text.
  

        The text is inserted BEFORE the cursor.
        4. Press <Esc> to get back to command mode.
        Appending Text

        To add text to the end of a line:
        

• Position the cursor on the last letter of the         line.
  
• Type a
  
• Enter the new text.
  

        This adds text AFTER the cursor.
        4. Press <Esc> to get back to command mode.
        Opening a Blank Line

        To insert a blank line below the current line, type
        

• (lowercase)
  

        To insert a blank line above the current line, type
            O (uppercase)         Joining Lines

        To join two lines together:
        

• Put the cursor on the first line to be joined.
  
• Type J
  

        To join three lines together:
        

• Put the cursor on the first line to be joined.
  
• Type 3J
  

        Undoing

        To undo your most recent edit, type
            u         To undo all the edits on a single line, type
            U (uppercase)         Undoing all edits on a single line only works as long as       the cursor stays on that line. Once you move the cursor off       a line, you cannot use U to restore the line.
        Moving Around in a File

        There are shortcuts to move more quickly though a file.       All these work in command mode.
            Key            Movement      ---            --------             w            forward word by word      b            backward word by word      $            to end of line      0 (zero)     to beginning of line      H            to top line of screen      M            to middle line of screen      L            to last line of screen      G            to last line of file      1G           to first line of file      <Control>f   scroll forward one screen      <Control>b   scroll backward one screen      <Control>d   scroll down one-half screen      <Control>u   scroll up one-half screen         Moving by Searching

        To move quickly by searching for text, while in command       mode:
        

• Type / (slash).
  
• Enter the text to search for.
  
• Press <Return>.
  

        The cursor moves to the first occurrence of that       text.
        To repeat the search in a forward direction, type
            n         To repeat the search in a backward direction, type
            N

[hsy75] eg.
/hsy75  向前查找hsy75
？hsy75 向后查找hsy75





      

Closing and Saving a File

        With vi, you edit a copy of the file, rather than the       original file. Changes are made to the original only when       you save your edits.
        To save the file and quit vi, type
            ZZ         The vi editor editor is built on an earler Unix text       editor called ex. ex commands can be used within vi. ex       commands begin with a : (colon) and end with a       <Return>. The command is displayed on the status line       as you type. Some ex commands are useful when saving and       closing files.
        To save the edits you have made, but leave vi running       and your file open:
        

• Press <Esc>.
  
• Type :w
  
• Press <Return>.
  

        To quit vi, and discard any changes your have made since       last saving:
        

• Press <Esc>.
  
• Type :q!
  
• Press <Return>.
  

        Command Summary

        STARTING vi
            vi filename    edit a file named "filename"      vi newfile     create a new file named "newfile"         ENTERING TEXT
            i            insert text left of cursor      a            append text right of cursor         MOVING THE CURSOR
            h            left one space      j            down one line      k            up one line      l            right one space         BASIC EDITING
            x         delete character      nx        delete n characters      X         delete character before cursor      dw        delete word      ndw       delete n words      dd        delete line      ndd       delete n lines      D         delete characters from cursor to end of line      r         replace character under cursor      cw        replace a word      ncw       replace n words      C         change text from cursor to end of line      o         insert blank line below cursor                   (ready for insertion)      O         insert blank line above cursor                   (ready for insertion)      J         join succeeding line to current cursor line      nJ        join n succeeding lines to current cursor line      u         undo last change      U         restore current line         MOVING AROUND IN A FILE
            w            forward word by word      b            backward word by word      $            to end of line      0 (zero)     to beginning of line      H            to top line of screen      M            to middle line of screen      L            to last line of screen      G            to last line of file      1G           to first line of file      <Control>f   scroll forward one screen      <Control>b   scroll backward one screen      <Control>d   scroll down one-half screen      <Control>u   scroll up one-half screen      n            repeat last search in same direction      N            repeat last search in opposite direction         CLOSING AND SAVING A FILE
            ZZ            save file and then quit      :w            save file      :q!            discard changes and quit file
Ref:
http://www.washington.edu/computing/unix/vi.html
Other Edit:
vi - > vim
emacs
nano
----------------------
IDE:
eclips
codeblock

王福凯