Deterministic Jitter in Broadband Communication from Caltech

zhaoxiaoshu1

Acknowledgments.....................................................................................................................iii
Abstract .....................................................................................................................................vi
List of Figures ..........................................................................................................................xiii
List of Tables ...........................................................................................................................xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background: The Evolution of Serial Communications .............................................4
1.2 Organization ................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2 Signal Integrity in Broadband Communications 10
2.1 Shannon’s Theorem................................................................................................... 11
2.1.1 Signal Power.................................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Noise Power.....................................................................................................13
2.1.3 Bandwidth........................................................................................................13
2.1.3.1 High-Speed Serial Links ........................................................................14
2.1.3.2 Optical Links ..........................................................................................16
2.1.4 Capacity ...........................................................................................................18
2.2 High-Speed Signal Integrity......................................................................................19
2.2.1 Bit Detection....................................................................................................19
2.2.2 Voltage and Timing Margins............................................................................20
2.2.3 Modeling of Intersymbol Interference and Data-Dependent Jitter..................21
2.2.4 Random Noise and Jitter in Bit Error Rate......................................................25
2.2.5 Jitter and Clock Recovery................................................................................29
2.3 Definitions of Jitter ...................................................................................................34
2.4 Sources of Jitter in Communication Links................................................................35
2.4.1 Transmitter Jitter..............................................................................................38
2.4.2 Channel Jitter ...................................................................................................41
2.4.3 Receiver Jitter ..................................................................................................43
2.5 Summary ...................................................................................................................44
Chapter 3 Analysis of Data-Dependent Jitter 46
3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................46
3.2 Analysis of Data-Dependent Jitter ............................................................................47
3.2.1 First-Order Response .......................................................................................48
3.2.2 Higher-order Systems ......................................................................................52
3.2.3 Experimental Results for First- and Second-order Filters. .............................. 56
3.2.4 Experimental Results for Transmission Lines ................................................. 60
3.3 Data-Dependent Jitter in 4-PAM............................................................................... 62
3.4 Duty Cycle Distortion ............................................................................................... 64
3.5 Markov Sampling of Threshold Crossing Times ...................................................... 67
3.5.1 Time Domain: Cycle-to-Cycle Behavior......................................................... 68
3.5.2 Frequency Domain Interpretation: Jitter Power Spectral Density................... 72
3.5.2.1 Rising and Falling Edges Sensitivity ..................................................... 73
3.5.2.2 Rising Edges Only.................................................................................. 74
3.5.2.3 Jitter Power Spectral Density Simulations............................................. 75
3.5.3 Circuit Implications: Hogge Phase Detector ................................................... 77
3.6 Summary ................................................................................................................... 78
Chapter 4 Equalization of Data-Dependent Jitter 80
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 80
4.2 DDJ Equalization ...................................................................................................... 81
4.2.1 Eye Improvement with DJE in a First-Order Channel .................................... 85
4.2.2 Comparison to Decision Feedback Equalization............................................. 85
4.3 Circuit Implementations............................................................................................ 87
4.3.3 DJE and CDR (DJE CDR)............................................................................... 87
4.3.4 CMOS DJE...................................................................................................... 90
4.4 Results ....................................................................................................................... 92
4.4.5 DJE CDR ......................................................................................................... 94
4.4.6 CMOS DJE...................................................................................................... 97
4.4.7 Trade-off between DDJ Compensation and RJ. ............................................ 100
4.5 Summary ................................................................................................................. 102
Chapter 5 Phase Pre-emphasis Techniques 103
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 103
5.2 Analysis of One-Tap Transmit Pre-Emphasis......................................................... 105
5.3 Power and Signal Integrity in Bandwidth-Limited Channels ................................. 107
5.4 Phase Pre-emphasis................................................................................................. 111
5.5 Circuit Implementation ........................................................................................... 116
5.6 Results ..................................................................................................................... 121
5.7 Summary ................................................................................................................. 126
Chapter 6 Crosstalk-Induced Jitter 128
6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 128
6.2 Crosstalk in Transmission Lines ............................................................................. 129
6.3 Crosstalk-Induced Jitter .......................................................................................... 133
6.3.1 Experimental Measurements of Time of Flight.............................................136
6.3.2 Effect of Timing Offset Between Victim and Aggressor...............................137
6.4 Crosstalk Jitter in M-PAM ......................................................................................139
6.4.1 2-PAM............................................................................................................139
6.4.2 4-PAM............................................................................................................141
6.5 Summary .................................................................................................................143
Chapter 7 Crosstalk-Induced Jitter Equalization 144
7.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................144
7.2 M-PAM Crosstalk-Induced Jitter Equalization .......................................................145
7.2.1 2-PAM............................................................................................................145
7.2.2 4-PAM............................................................................................................146
7.3 Circuit Implementation ...........................................................................................147
7.4 Results .....................................................................................................................151
7.5 Summary .................................................................................................................155
Chapter 8 Subharmonic Coupled Oscillators Arrays 156
8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................156
8.2 Coupled Oscillators.................................................................................................158
8.3 Scalable 2D Oscillator Array ..................................................................................160
8.3.1 Interconnections.............................................................................................160
8.3.2 Frequency Doubler ........................................................................................162
8.3.3 Oscillator Injection Locking ..........................................................................166
8.4 Results .....................................................................................................................167
8.5 Summary .................................................................................................................174
Chapter 9 Conclusions 175
9.1 Thesis Summary......................................................................................................175
9.2 Future Investigation ................................................................................................178
Appendix A First-Order Threshold Crossing Times 181
A.1 Threshold Crossing Times and Mean and Variance................................................181
A.2 Cycle-to-nth Cycle Jitter .........................................................................................183
Bibliography 186 Deterministic jitter in broadband communication.pdf (7.9 MB, 下载次数: 126 )

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ysliu168

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Deterministic Jitter in Broadband Communication from Caltech