[ebook]Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB Computing and Simulink/SimPowerSystems

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[size=120%]Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB Computing and Simulink/SimPowerSystems Modeling

                               
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By Steven Karris

• Publisher:   Orchard Publications
• Number Of Pages:   618
• Publication Date:   2009-03-20
• ISBN-10 / ASIN:   1934404179
• ISBN-13 / EAN:   9781934404171

Product Description:
This text is an introduction to the basic principles of electrical engineering and covers DC and AC circuit analysis and Transients. It is intended for all engineering majors and presumes knowledge of first year differential and integral calculus and physics. The last two chapters include step-by-step procedures for the solutions of simple differential equations used in the derivation of the natural and forces responses. Appendices A, B, and C are introductions to MATLAB®, Simulink®, and SimPowerSystems® respectively. Appendix D is a review of Complex Numbers, and Appendix E is an introduction to matrices and determinants.


Preface
This text is an introduction to the basic principles of electrical engineering. It is the outgrowth of
lecture notes prepared by this author while employed by the electrical engineering and computer
engineering departments as adjunct instructor at various colleges and universities. Many of the
examples and problems are based on the author’s industrial experience. The text is an expansion
of our previous publication, Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB® Applications, ISBN 9780
970951120, and this text, in addition to MATLAB scripts for problem solution, includes
several Simulink® and SimPowerSystems® models. The pages where these models appear are
indicated n the Table of Contents.
The book is intended for students of college grade, both community colleges and universities. It
presumes knowledge of first year differential and integral calculus and physics. While some
knowledge of differential equations would be helpful, it is not absolutely necessary. Chapters 9 and
10 include stepbystep procedures for the solutions of simple differential equations used in the
derivation of the natural and forces responses. Appendices D and E provide a thorough review of
complex numbers and matrices respectively.
In addition to several problems provided at the end of each chapter, this text includes multiplechoice
questions to test and enhance the reader’s knowledge of this subject. Moreover, the
answers to these questions and detailed solutions of all problems are provided at the end of each
chapter. The rationale is to encourage the reader to solve all problems and check his effort for
correct solutions and appropriate steps in obtaining the correct solution. And since this text was
written to serve as a selfstudy, primary, or supplementary textbook, it provides the reader with a
resource to test the reader’s knowledge.

Table of Contents
1 Basic Concepts and Definitions 11
1.1 The Coulomb ........................................................................................................11
1.2 Electric Current and Ampere ...............................................................................11
1.3 Two Terminal Devices .........................................................................................14
1.4 Voltage (Potential Difference) .............................................................................15
1.5 Power and Energy .................................................................................................18
1.6 Active and Passive Devices ................................................................................111
1.7 Circuits and Networks ........................................................................................113
1.8 Active and Passive Networks .............................................................................113
1.9 Necessary Conditions for Current Flow .............................................................113
1.10 International System of Units ............................................................................114
1.11 Sources of Energy ...............................................................................................117
1.12 Summary .............................................................................................................119
1.13 Exercises .............................................................................................................121
1.14 Answers / Solutions to EndofChapter Exercises ............................................124
MATLAB Computing: Pages 16 through 18
2 Analysis of Simple Circuits 21
2.1 Conventions .........................................................................................................21
2.2 Ohm’s Law ............................................................................................................21
2.3 Power Absorbed by a Resistor ..............................................................................23
2.4 Energy Dissipated in a Resistor ............................................................................24
2.5 Nodes, Branches, Loops and Meshes ...................................................................25
2.6 Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) ...........................................................................26
2.7 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) ............................................................................27
2.8 Single Mesh Circuit Analysis .............................................................................210
2.9 Single Node&#61485air Circuit Analysis ....................................................................214
2.10 Voltage and Current Source Combinations .......................................................217
2.11 Resistance and Conductance Combinations .....................................................218
2.12 Voltage Division Expressions .............................................................................222
2.13 Current Division Expressions .............................................................................224
2.14 Standards for Electrical and Electronic Devices ................................................226
2.15 Resistor Color Code ...........................................................................................226
2.16 Power Rating of Resistors ...................................................................................228
2.17 Temperature Coefficient of Resistance ..............................................................228
2.18 Ampere Capacity of Wires .................................................................................229
ii Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB  Computing and Simulink / SimPowerSystems Modeling
Copyright © Orchard Publications
2.19 Current Ratings for Electronic Equipment......................................................... 229
2.20 Copper Conductor Sizes for Interior Wiring ......................................................231
2.21 Summary .............................................................................................................236
2.22 Exercises ..............................................................................................................239
2.23 Answers / Solutions to EndofChapter Exercises ............................................247
Simulink / SimPowerSystems models: Pages 224, 226
3 Nodal and Mesh Equations - Circuit Theorems 31
3.1 Nodal, Mesh, and Loop Equations ....................................................................... 31
3.2 Analysis with Nodal Equations ............................................................................ 31
3.3 Analysis with Mesh or Loop Equations ................................................................ 38
3.4 Transformation between Voltage and Current Sources .................................... 320
3.5 Thevenin’s Theorem .......................................................................................... 323
3.6 Norton’s Theorem .............................................................................................. 333
3.7 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem .................................................................. 335
3.8 Linearity.............................................................................................................. 337
3.9 Superposition Principle....................................................................................... 338
3.10 Circuits with Non-Linear Devices...................................................................... 342
3.11 Efficiency ............................................................................................................ 344
3.12 Regulation........................................................................................................... 345
3.13 Summary............................................................................................................. 347
3.14 Exercises ............................................................................................................. 349
3.15 Answers / Solutions to EndofChapter Exercises ............................................ 360
MATLAB Computing: Pages 3-4, 37, 311, 314, 316, 318, 332, 366,
370, 372, 374, 376, 380, 390
Simulink / SimPowerSystems models: Pages 38, 319
4 Introduction to Operational Amplifiers 41
4.1 Signals................................................................................................................... 41
4.2 Amplifiers ............................................................................................................. 41
4.3 Decibels ................................................................................................................ 42
4.4 Bandwidth and Frequency Response.................................................................... 44
4.5 The Operational Amplifier................................................................................... 45
4.6 An Overview of the Op Amp............................................................................... 45
4.7 Active Filters ...................................................................................................... 413
4.8 Analysis of Op Amp Circuits.............................................................................. 416
4.9 Input and Output Resistance ............................................................................. 428
4.10 Summary............................................................................................................. 432
4.11 Exercises ............................................................................................................. 434
Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB  Computing and Simulink / SimPowerSystems Modeling iii
Copyright © Orchard Publications
4.12 Answers / Solutions to EndofChapter Exercises............................................ 443
MATLAB Computing: Page 4-47
Simulink / SimPowerSystems models: Pages 452
5 Inductance and Capacitance 51
5.1 Energy Storage Devices....................................................................................... 51
5.2 Inductance........................................................................................................... 51
5.3 Power and Energy in an Inductor...................................................................... 511
5.4 Combinations of Inductors in Series and in Parallel......................................... 514
5.5 Capacitance....................................................................................................... 516
5.6 Power and Energy in a Capacitor ...................................................................... 521
5.7 Combinations of Capacitors in Series and in Parallel ....................................... 524
5.8 Nodal and Mesh Equations in General Terms.................................................. 526
5.9 Summary............................................................................................................ 529
5.10 Exercises ............................................................................................................ 531
5.11 Answers / Solutions to EndofChapter Exercises ........................................... 536
MATLAB Computing: Pages 513, 523, 540
6 Sinusoidal Circuit Analysis 61
6.1 Excitation Functions........................................................................................... 61
6.2 Circuit Response to Sinusoidal Inputs ................................................................ 61
6.3 The Complex Excitation Function ..................................................................... 63
6.4 Phasors in R, L, and C Circuits........................................................................... 68
6.5 Impedance......................................................................................................... 614
6.6 Admittance ....................................................................................................... 617
6.7 Summary ........................................................................................................... 623
6.8 Exercises ............................................................................................................ 626
6.9 Solutions to EndofChapter Exercises............................................................ 632
MATLAB Computing: Pages 621, 632, 635
Simulink / SimPowerSystems models: Pages 622, 637, 638
7 Phasor Circuit Analysis 71
7.1 Nodal Analysis .................................................................................................... 71
7.2 Mesh Analysis...................................................................................................... 75
7.3 Application of Superposition Principle ............................................................... 76
7.4 Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems ................................................................. 710
7.5 Phasor Analysis in Amplifier Circuits ............................................................... 714
iv Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB  Computing and Simulink / SimPowerSystems Modeling
Copyright © Orchard Publications
7.6 Phasor Diagrams ................................................................................................ 717
7.7 Electric Filters .................................................................................................... 722
7.8 Basic Analog Filters ........................................................................................... 723
7.9 Active Filter Analysis ........................................................................................ 728
7.10 Summary............................................................................................................ 731
7.11 Exercises............................................................................................................. 732
7.12 Answers to EndofChapter Exercises.............................................................. 739
MATLAB Computing: Pages 7-4, 76, 78, 712, 713, 715, 717, 721, 730,
744, 745, 746, 748, 750, 751, 755, 756, 758
Simulink models: Pages 79, 710
8 Average and RMS Values, Complex Power, and Instruments 81
8.1 Periodic Time Functions ...................................................................................... 81
8.2 Average Values .................................................................................................... 82
8.3 Effective Values.................................................................................................... 84
8.4 Effective (RMS) Value of Sinusoids..................................................................... 85
8.5 RMS Values of Sinusoids with Different Frequencies ......................................... 87
8.6 Average Power and Power Factor ........................................................................ 89
8.7 Average Power in a Resistive Load .................................................................... 811
8.8 Average Power in Inductive and Capacitive Loads ........................................... 811
8.9 Average Power in NonSinusoidal Waveforms................................................. 814
8.10 Lagging and Leading Power Factors................................................................... 815
8.11 Complex Power  Power Triangle...................................................................... 816
8.12 Power Factor Correction.................................................................................... 818
8.13 Instruments......................................................................................................... 820
8.14 Summary............................................................................................................. 831
8.15 Exercises ............................................................................................................. 834
8.16 Answers to EndofChapter Exercises .............................................................. 840
MATLAB Computing: Page 8-3 continued on Page 84
9 Natural Response 91
9.1 Natural Response of a Series RL circuit ............................................................... 91
9.2 Natural Response of a Series RC Circuit.............................................................. 99
9.3 Summary ............................................................................................................. 917
9.4 Exercises.............................................................................................................. 918
9.5 Answers to EndofChapter Exercises............................................................... 925
MATLAB Computing: Page 927
Simulink / SimPowerSystems models: Page 924
Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB  Computing and Simulink / SimPowerSystems Modeling v
Copyright © Orchard Publications
10 Forced and Total Response in RL and RC Circuits 101
10.1 Unit Step Function .............................................................................................101
10.2 Unit Ramp Function ..........................................................................................10 6
10.3 Delta Function ...................................................................................................10 7
10.4 Forced and Total Response in an RL Circuit ...................................................1014
10.5 Forced and Total Response in an RC Circuit...................................................1021
10.6 Summary............................................................................................................1031
10.7 Exercises ............................................................................................................1033
10.8 Answers to EndofChapter Exercises .............................................................1040
MATLAB Computing: Pages 1018, 1030
Simulink / SimPowerSystems models: Page 1051
A Introduction to MATLAB A1
A.1 Command Window ..............................................................................................A1
A.2 Roots of Polynomials ............................................................................................A3
A.3 Polynomial Construction from Known Roots ......................................................A4
A.4 Evaluation of a Polynomial at Specified Values ..................................................A5
A.5 Rational Polynomials ...........................................................................................A8
A.6 Using MATLAB to Make Plots ..........................................................................A9
A.7 Subplots .............................................................................................................A18
A.8 Multiplication, Division and Exponentiation ...................................................A19
A.9 Script and Function Files ..................................................................................A26
A.10 Display Formats .................................................................................................A31
MATLAB Computations: Entire Appendix A
B Introduction to Simulink B1
B.1 Simulink and its Relation to MATLAB ............................................................... B1
B.2 Simulink Demos ................................................................................................. B20
Simulink Modeling: Entire Appendix B
C Introduction to SimPowerSystems C1
C.1 Simulation of Electric Circuits with SimPowerSystems ...................................... C1
SimPowerSystems Modeling: Entire Appendix C
D A Review of Complex Numbers D1
D.1 Definition of a Complex Number ........................................................................D1
vi Circuit Analysis I with MATLAB  Computing and Simulink / SimPowerSystems Modeling
Copyright © Orchard Publications
D.2 Addition and Subtraction of Complex Numbers.................................................D2
D.3 Multiplication of Complex Numbers ...................................................................D3
D.4 Division of Complex Numbers.............................................................................D4
D.5 Exponential and Polar Forms of Complex Numbers ...........................................D4
MATLAB Computing: Pages D6, D7, D8
Simulink Modeling: Page D7
E Matrices and Determinants E1
E.1 Matrix Definition ................................................................................................E1
E.2 Matrix Operations...............................................................................................E2
E.3 Special Forms of Matrices ...................................................................................E6
E.4 Determinants.....................................................................................................E10
E.5 Minors and Cofactors ........................................................................................E12
E.6 Cramer’s Rule ....................................................................................................E17
E.7 Gaussian Elimination Method...........................................................................E19
E.8 The Adjoint of a Matrix....................................................................................E21
E.9 Singular and NonSingular Matrices................................................................E21
E.10 The Inverse of a Matrix.....................................................................................E22
E.11 Solution of Simultaneous Equations with Matrices ..........................................E24
E.12 Exercises ............................................................................................................E31
MATLAB Computing: Pages E3, E4, E5, E7, E8, E9, E10, E12,
E15, E16, E18, E22, E25, E6, E29
Simulink Modeling: Page E3
Excel Spreadsheet: Page E27
References R1
Index IN1

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s8553warrior

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