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Radio Engineering for Wireless Communication and Sensor Applications
by Antti V. Raisanen, Arto Lehto
1 Introduction to Radio Waves and Radio Engineering 1
1.1 Radio Waves as a Part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum 1
1.2 What Is Radio Engineering? 4
1.3 Allocation of Radio Frequencies 4
1.4 History of Radio Engineering from Maxwell to the Present 6
References 9
2 Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fields 11
2.1 Maxwell’s Equations 11
2.2 Fields in Media 17
2.3 Boundary Conditions 20
2.4 Helmholtz Equation and Its Plane Wave Solution 22
2.5 Polarization of a Plane Wave 26
2.6 Reflection and Transmission at a Dielectric Interface 28
2.7 Energy and Power 31
References 33
3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides 35
3.1 Basic Equations for Transmission Lines and Waveguides 38
3.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Wave Modes 40
3.3 Transverse Electric and Transverse Magnetic Wave Modes 42
3.4 Rectangular Waveguide 44
3.5 Circular Waveguide 52
3.6 Optical Fiber 56
3.7 Coaxial Line 58
3.8 Microstrip Line 61
3.9 Wave and Signal Velocities 65
3.10 Transmission Line Model 66
References 68
4 Impedance Matching 69
4.1 Reflection from a Mismatched Load 69
4.2 Smith Chart 74
4.3 Matching Methods 78
References 95
5 Microwave Circuit Theory 97
5.1 Impedance and Admittance Matrices 97
5.2 Scattering Matrices 101
5.3 Signal Flow Graph, Transfer Function, and Gain 104
References 113
6 Passive Transmission Line and Waveguide Devices 115
6.1 Power Dividers and Directional Couplers 116
6.2 Ferrite Devices 128
6.3 Other Passive Components and Devices 134
7 Resonators and Filters 141
7.1 Resonators 141
7.2 Filters 154
8 Circuits Based on Semiconductor Devices 171
8.1 From Electron Tubes to Semiconductor Devices 171
8.2 Important Semiconductor Devices 172
8.3 Oscillators 180
8.4 Amplifiers 184
8.5 Frequency Converters (Mixers) and Frequency Multipliers 193
8.6 Detectors 198
8.7 Monolithic Microwave Circuits 201
References 202
9 Antennas 205
9.1 Fundamental Concepts of Antennas 205
9.2 Calculation of Radiation from Antennas 212
9.3 Radiating Current Element 214
9.4 Dipole and Monopole Antennas 217
9.5 Other Wire Antennas 222
9.6 Radiation from Apertures 225
9.7 Horn Antennas 232
9.8 Reflector Antennas 234
9.9 Other Antennas 236
9.10 Antenna Arrays 239
9.11 Matching of Antennas 242
9.12 Link Between Two Antennas 242
References 245
10 Propagation of Radio Waves 247
10.1 Environment and Propagation Mechanisms 247
10.2 Tropospheric Attenuation 249
10.3 Bending (Refraction) of Radio Waves in Troposphere 252
10.4 LOS Path 255
10.5 Reflection from Ground 257
10.6 Multipath Propagation in Cellular Mobile Radio Systems 260
10.7 Propagation Aided by Scattering: Scatter Link 263
10.8 Propagation via Ionosphere 265
10.9 Propagation as a Ground (Surface) Wave 267
References 270
11 Radio System 271
11.1 Transmitters and Receivers 271
11.2 Noise 275
11.3 Modulation and Demodulation of Signals 287
11.4 Radio Link Budget 304
References 306
12 Applications 307
12.1 Broadcasting 307
12.2 Radio Link Systems 312
12.3 Wireless Local Area Networks 314
12.4 Mobile Communication 317
12.5 Radionavigation 320
12.6 Radar 328
12.7 Remote Sensing 336
12.8 Radio Astronomy 345
12.9 Sensors for Industrial Applications 353
12.10 Power Applications 356
12.11 Medical Applications 357
12.12 Electronic Warfare 359
13 Biological Effects and Safety Standards 363
References 366
Appendix A: Vector Operations 367
Appendix B: Physical Constants and Material Parameters 371 |
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发表于 2004-6-5 17:22:29
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