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Statistical Analysis and Optimization of a Bandgap Reference for VLSI Applications.pdf
Statistical Analysis and Optimization of a Bandgap Reference for VLSI Applications
J ¨ URGEN OEHM1 AND ULRICH GR ¨ UNEBAUM2
1Infineon AG, D¨usseldorf, Germany
2ZKOM GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
E-mail: J.Oehm@infineon.com; Grueneba@zkom.de
Received February 15, 2001; Revised February 27, 2001; Accepted February 27, 2001
Abstract. Voltage and current references are widely needed for all kinds of integrated circuits, as most applications
require temperature-independent references with a high reproducibility in mass production. For this purpose
normally bandgap references are used. Though it is a common task to set up an application specific bandgap circuit,
handling of the statistical design aspects is often not a standardized step in the design flow. This article describes
some of the steps that were taken during the design of a bandgap reference for a given VLSI application. All
statistical simulations were carried out with the simulation tool GAME (General Analysis of Mismatch Effects)
which is used at Infineon/D¨usseldorf since 1999.
Key Words: bandgap, statistical analysis, mismatch, optimization, simulation |
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