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发表于 2013-10-13 00:01:55
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1 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
1.1 General nature of EMI
1.2 Electromagnetic Compatibility
1.3 EMI propagation mechanisms
1.3.1 Conduction
1.3.2 Reactive coupling
1.3.3 Radiation
1.4 Sources of EMI
1.4.1 Lightning
1.4.2 Solar effects
1.4.3 ESD
1.4.4 Electrical and electronic systems
1.4.5 Bonafide spectrum users
1.4.6 Electromagnetic pulse
1.5 Areas of concern
1.5.1 lgnition and detonation hazards
1.5.2 Spectrum utilisation
1.5.3 Disturbances on the mains electricity supply
1.5.4 Malfunction of electrical and electronic systems
1.5.5 Data security
1.5.6 Biological effects of non-ionising radiation
1.6 EMC practices
1.7 National and international standards
1.8 EMC testing
1.9 EMC education and training
1.10 Concluding remarks
2 DECIBELS
3 ELECTRIC ANO MAGNETIC FIELDS AND ELECTI~OMAGNETIC
WAVES
3.1 Field Definition
3.2 Electric Fields
3.3 Electric Potential
3.4 Magnetic Fields
3.5 Principie of superposition
3.6 Electromagnetics
3. 7 Electromagnetic Waves
3.8 Electromagnetic Wave lmpedance and Velocity
4 ELEMENTAL ANTENNAS
4.1 Definition of an Antenna
4.2 The Radiation Mechanism
4.3 Magnetic Dipoles
5 PRACTICAL ANTENNAS
5.1 The Dipole Antenna
5.2 The Radiation Pattern of an Antenna
5.3 Antenna Input lmpedance
5.4 Antenna Gain
5.5 Rayleigh Range of Antennas
5.6 Antennas in Reception
5.7 Antenna Aperture
5.8 Antenna Factor
6 BROADBAND ANTENNAS
7 INTRODUCTION TO EMC STANDARDS
8 EMC MEASUREMENT ANO TESTING
9 THE EUROPEAN EMC DIRECTIVE 2004/1 08/EC
10 OVERVIEW OF EMC DESIGN PRINCIPLES
10.1 Why Bother to Design for EMC?
10.2 What Determines EMC Performance?
10.3 How to Reduce Emissions
10.3.1 Reducing Noíse at Source
10.3.2 Reducing Coupling of Noise
10.3.3 Barriers to Conducted Emissions - Filters
10.3.4 Barriers to Radiated Emissions - Shielding
10.4 How To lmprove lmmunity
10.5 EMC and the Design Process
10.5.1 How Much Does lt Cost?
10.6 Why doesn't this work?
10.6.1 Multiple Sources And Paths
10.6.2 lncorrect Application Of EMC Techniques
10.6.3 Non-Ideal Nature Of Components
10.7 Further Reading
10.7.1 Books
10.7.2 Magazines And Journals
10.8 Summary
11 CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE
11.1 What is conducted interference?
13.1.1 Common mode and differential mode
11.2 lnterconnection Techniques
11.2.1 Cable types
11.2.2. Differential lnputs
11.2.3 Differential Outputs (Line Drivers)
11.2.4 Digital Circuits
11.3 EMC of Components
11.3.1 Resistors
11.3.2. Capacitors
11.3.3 lnductors
11.3.4 Diodes
11 .3.5 Regulators
11.3.6 Transformers
11.3.7 Transient suppressors
11.4 Filters
11.4.1 Line Filters
11.5 Classification of Ceramic Dielectrics
11.5.1 Temperature Compensating
11.5.2 High Dielectric Constant
11.6 Conclusion
11.7 Further Reading
12 EMC ON A PCB: CIRCUITS, PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS,
EMISSIONS & IMMUNITY
12.1 lntroduction
12.2 Coupling mechanisms, emissions and immunity
12.2.1 Common impedance coupling
12.2.2 Capacitive coupling
12.2.3 lnductive coupllng
12.2.4 Combined capacitive and inductive coupling
12.2.5 Emissions and immunity
12.3 Digital circuits
12.3.1 Noise margins
12.3.2 Noise Budget
12.3.3 EMI-induced jitter
12.3.4 Power line noise and supply decoupling
12.3.5 Transmission line effects and ringing
12.3.6 Relative emission levels of logic families
12.4 Analogue circuits
12.4.1 Effects of externa! EMI on analogue circuits
12.4.2 Self-interference in analogue circuíts
12.4.3 Power supply noise
12.5 Concluding remarks
12.6 Useful formulae
12.6.1 Wires (circular cross-section)
12.6.2 Wire above ground plane
12.6.3 Wires above a ground plane
12.6.4 Parallel PCB tracks (same side)
12.6.5 Parallel PCB tracks (same side) with ground plane
12.6.6 Parallel PCB tracks (opposite sides)
12.6.7 Circular loop
12.6.8 Square loop
12.7 References & Bibliography
13 CONFORMANGE WORKSHOP: Case Studies
13.1 Guide for the EMC Directive 2004/1 08/EC
13.1.1 Notes to aid the use of Flowchart 1, S cope
13.2 Case Studies
13.2.1Personal Computer
13.2.2Interface card for PC (as an example plug-in card)
13.2.3Diesel Electric Generating Sets
13.2.4Household Wiring
13.2.5Custom made motor controller
13.2.6Summary
14 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION
The Documentation Requirements for Apparatus Under the
EMC Directive (Annex IV)
14.1 Notified Bodles
14.1.1 Requirements for a notified Body
14.1.2 The defence of due diligence
14.2 Using Harmonised Standards
14.3 The "Non-harmonised'' Route
14.3.1 lntroduction
14.3.2 No applicable harmonised standard
14.3.3 Harmonised standards applied in-part only
14.3.4 Large installed systems where testing to harmonised
standards is impractical
14.3.5 Product ranges where there are a large number of
similar product variants
14.3.6 Products having existing certification to EMC
standards not recognised by the EC
14.4 Contents ofthe Technical Documentation
14.4.1 General description of the apparatus
14.4.2 Evidence of compliance with harmonised standards
14.4.3 Steps taken to meet the essential requirements
14.4.4 Statement from a notified body
14.5 Fixed lnstallations
14.5.1 Exemption for certain apparatus
15 EMC MANAGEMENT- WHAT ABOUT A STRATEGY
16 TRANSMISSION LINES AND CROSSTALK
16.1 Transmission fine fundamentals
16.1.1 Characteristic lmpedance
16.1.2 Line parameters
16.1.3 Velocity of propagation
16. 1.4 Electrical length
16.1.5 VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)
16.2 Crosstalk
16.2.1 Electrically short crosstalk model-capacitive and
inductive coupling
16.2.2 Common lmpedance coupling
16.2.3 Performance of the electrically short model
16.3 Methods of reducing coupling intocables
16.3.1 Twisted pair cabling
16.3.2 Shielded cables - connection of the shield
16.3.3 Shielded cables- screen quality
16.3.4 Measurement of Transfer lmpedance
16.3.5 Understanding of ZT measurements
16.4 Electrically long cables
16.5 Electrically long test methods
16.5.1 Screening attenuation
16.5.2 Coupling attenuation
16.6 Far Field Coupling
16.6.1 Cables as transmitters of far field radiation
16.6.2 Cables as receivers of far field radiation
16.7 Standards
16.7 .1 BS EN 5017 4-2:2001 - lnformation technology
Cabling lnstallation
16.7.2 BS EN 50173-1 :2002 -lnformation technology-
Generic cabling systems
16.7.3 IEC61156-5
16.8. Further reading
17. SCREENING AND ENCLOSURES
17.1Basics
17.1.1 When To Use Shielding
17.1.2 Definition Of Shielding
17.1.3 How Shielding Works
17.1.4 Near-Field And Far-Field
17.1.5 Frequency And Time Domains
17.1.6 The Skin Effect
17.2Finite Conductivity Of Shielding Materials
17.2.1 SE of lnfinite Plane Sheet
17.2.2 lnfinite Sheet Thinner Than The Skin Depth
17.2.3 Finite Enclosures
17.2.4 Shielding Materials
17.3 Apertures
17.3.1 Types Of Aperture
17.3.2 SE of Apertures
17.3.3 Apertures- Design Advice
17.3.4 What ToDo About Apertures
17.4 Cables Entering Enclosure
17.4.1 Screened Cables
17.4.2 Unscreened Cables
17.5 Summary
17.6 Further Reading
18 SHIELDING MODELUNG 1 CASE STUDIES
19 MILITARY STANDARDS
20 EMC TESTING WORKSHOP |
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发表于 2013-10-12 18:35:14
