1) Introduction …………………………………………………………………….8
a) Need for analog design automation …………………………………….8
b) Current approaches …….……………………………………………….8
2) Symbolic Analysis ………………………………………………………….....13
a) Definition ……………………………………………………………...13
b) Advantages and limitations of symbolic analysis …………….............14
c) Algorithmic aspects of symbolic analysis …….………………………14
3) Optimization …………………………………………………………………..16
a) Definition ……………………………………………………………...16
b) Approaches in optimization …………………………………………...16
c) Terminology …………………………………………………………...18
d) Global vs. Local ……………………………………………………….23
e) Convex vs. non-convex …….………………………………………….26
f) Optimization in MATLAB …………………………………………….29
4) Algorithm development ……………………………………………………….32
a) Intended audience …..………………………………………………….32
b) The targeted problem ………………………………………………….33
c) Approach used and its justification ……………………………………34
2
d) Algorithm and the flow of logic ………………………………………35
e) Interface development………………………………………………….37
5) Two stage Op-Amp ……………………………………………………………43
a) MOSFET large signal model …………………………………………..43
b) MOSFET small signal model ………………………………………….48
c) Description of the circuit ………………………………………………51
d) Equations ………………………………………………………………52
e) Optimization Approach …………………………………………….......53
f) Cost function and constraints formulation ……………………………..54
6) Folded Cascode Op-Amp ………………………………………………………58
a) Description of the circuit ……………………………………………….58
b) Equations ……………………………………………………………….59
c) Optimization Approach …………………………………………………61
d) Cost function and constraints formulation ………………………….......61
7) Results and Discussion ………………………………………………………….62
a) Two stage Op-Amp ……………………………………………………..62
b) Folded Cascode Op-Amp ……………………………………………….76
8) Conclusion and suggestions for future work ……………………………………84