本书介绍的图像处理方法没有太多深硬的数学公式。
我把中英文版都收集了,可以对照看,特别是英文原版的图片是彩图,效果更好。
先上英文的
Contents
Acknowledgments xi
Introduction xiii
Author xvii
1 Acquiring Images 1
Human reliance on images for information ........... 1
Video cameras .................................................. 6
CCD cameras ................................................... 7
Camera artifacts and limitations .........................13
Color cameras .................................................15
Camera resolution ............................................18
Focusing ......................................................... 20
Electronics and bandwidth limitations ..................21
Pixels ..............................................................24
Gray scale resolution ....................................... 26
Noise ............................................................ 28
High depth images .......................................... 30
Color imaging ..................................................34
Digital camera limitations ................................. 42
Color spaces .................................................. 42
Color correction ...............................................52
Color displays ..................................................54
Image types .................................................... 56
Range imaging ............................................... 58
Multiple images .............................................. 64
Stereoscopy .................................................... 69
Imaging requirements ....................................... 77
2 Human Vision 85
What we see and why ..................................... 85
Recognition .................................................... 88
Technical specs ............................................... 92
Acuity .............................................................97
What the eye tells the brain .............................101
Spatial comparisons .......................................103
Local to global hierarchies ...............................107
It’s about time ................................................ 113
The third dimension ......................................... 118
How versus what ............................................ 121
Seeing what isn’t there, and vice versa ..............122
Image compression .........................................125
A world of light ..............................................126
Size matters ...................................................129
Shape (whatever that means) ...........................132
Context .........................................................133
Arrangements must be made ............................135
Seeing is believing .........................................137
So in conclusion... ..........................................139
3 Printing and Storage 141
Printing.......................................................... 141
Dots on paper ................................................145
Color printing ................................................150
Printing hardware ...........................................156
Film recorders ................................................ 161
Other presentation tools ..................................162
File storage ....................................................163
Storage media ...............................................164
Magnetic recording ........................................166
Databases for images .....................................167
Browsing and thumbnails ................................. 174
Lossless coding ............................................... 178
Reduced color palettes ....................................183
JPEG compression ..........................................184
Wavelet compression ......................................187
Fractal compression ........................................192
Digital movies ................................................194
4 Correcting Imaging Defects 199
Contrast expansion ........................................ 200
Noisy images ............................................... 205
Neighborhood averaging ............................... 208
Neighborhood ranking.................................... 214
Other neighborhood noise reduction methods ....226
Defect removal, maximum entropy, and
maximum likelihood ........................................232
Nonuniform illumination ..................................235
Fitting a background function ...........................238
Rank leveling .................................................244
Color images .................................................248
Non-planar views ...........................................250
Computer graphics .........................................252
Geometric distortion .......................................254
Alignment ......................................................256
Interpolation ..................................................261
Morphing ......................................................265
5 Image Enhancement in the Spatial
Domain 269
Contrast manipulation .....................................270
Histogram equalization ...................................274
Local equalization ..........................................279
Laplacian ......................................................283
Derivatives .....................................................293
Finding edges with gradients ...........................296
More edge detectors ..................................... 306
Texture .......................................................... 312
Fractal analysis .............................................. 317
Implementation notes ...................................... 319
Image math ................................................... 319
Subtracting images .........................................320
Multiplication and division ...............................323
Principal components analysis ..........................325
Other image combinations ..............................331
6 Processing Images in Frequency
Space 337
About frequency space ...................................337
The Fourier transform.......................................338
Fourier transforms of simple functions ................341
Frequencies and orientations ............................345
Preferred orientation .......................................350
Texture and fractals.........................................351
Isolating periodic noise ...................................356
Selective masks and filters ...............................361
Selection of periodic information ......................364
Convolution ...................................................370
Deconvolution ................................................372
Noise and Wiener deconvolution .....................378
Template matching and correlation ...................385
Autocorrelation ..............................................391
7 Segmentation and Thresholding 395
Thresholding ..................................................395
Automatic settings ..........................................398
Multiband images ......................................... 403
Two-dimensional thresholds ............................. 405
Multiband thresholding .................................. 408
Thresholding from texture ................................. 411
Multiple thresholding criteria ............................ 414
Textural orientation .........................................415
Region boundaries .........................................419
Conditional histograms ....................................426
Boundary lines ...............................................427
Contours ...................................................... 430
Image representation ......................................432
Other segmentation methods ...........................436
The general classification problem ................... 440
8 Processing Binary Images 443
Boolean operations ....................................... 443
Combining Boolean operations ....................... 446
Masks .......................................................... 450
From pixels to features.....................................452
Boolean logic with features ..............................457
Selecting features by location ..........................461
Double thresholding ....................................... 466
Erosion and dilation ....................................... 468
Opening and closing ......................................471
Isotropy .........................................................473
Measurements using erosion and dilation ..........478
Extension to gray scale images.........................481
Morphology neighborhood parameters ............ 482
Examples of use .............................................484
Euclidean distance map ................................. 488
Watershed segmentation .................................491
Ultimate eroded points ....................................494
Skeletons .......................................................498
Boundary lines and thickening ........................ 503
Combining skeleton and EDM ......................... 506
9 Global Image Measurements 511
Global measurements and stereology................ 511
Surface area .................................................. 516
ASTM Grain Size ............................................521
Multiple types of surfaces ................................523
Length ...........................................................525
Thickness .......................................................527
Sampling strategies ........................................530
Determining number .......................................532
Curvature, connectivity, and the Disector ...........535
Anisotropy and gradients ................................538
Size distributions ............................................542
Classical stereology (unfolding) ........................543
12 Feature Recognition and
Classification 627
Template matching and cross-correlation ...........628
Parametric description .....................................631
Decision points...............................................635
Multidimensional classification .........................639
Learning systems .............................................646
kNN and cluster analysis ................................652
Expert systems ................................................655
Neural nets ....................................................657
Syntactical models ..........................................659
13 Tomographic Imaging 661
More than two dimensions ...............................661
Volume imaging vs. sections ............................664
Basics of reconstruction ...................................670
Algebraic reconstruction methods .....................676
Maximum entropy ..........................................679
Defects in reconstructed images .......................681
Beam hardening ............................................ 686
Imaging geometries ........................................691
Three-dimensional tomography .........................695
High-resolution tomography .............................701
14 3D Visualization 707
Sources of 3D data .........................................707
Serial sections ................................................709
Optical sectioning ..........................................713
Sequential removal .........................................715
Stereo measurement........................................ 717
3D data sets ..................................................722
Slicing the data set .........................................724
Arbitrary section planes ..................................727
The use of color..............................................731
Volumetric display ..........................................732
Stereo viewing ...............................................736
Special display hardware ................................739
Ray tracing .................................................... 741
Reflection ......................................................746
Surfaces ........................................................750
Multiply connected surfaces .............................754
Image processing in 3D ..................................759
Measurements on 3D images ...........................763
15 Imaging Surfaces 767
Producing surfaces ..........................................767
Imaging surfaces by physical contact ................770
Noncontacting measurements ..........................773
Microscopy of surfaces ...................................777
Surface composition imaging ...........................782
Processing of range images .............................783
Processing of composition maps .......................787
Data presentation and visualization ..................788
Rendering and visualization .............................791
Analysis of surface data ..................................796
Profile measurements ...................................... 800
The Birmingham measurement suite .................. 803
Topographic analysis and fractal dimensions .... 809
References 817