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Table of Contents
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 1 Introduction to WDM 1
 
 1.1 WDM Theory, 1
 
 1.2 History of WDM, 2
 
 References, 4
 
 2 Optical Fiber Effects 7
 
 2.1 Linear Effects, 7
 
 2.2 Nonlinear Fiber Effects, 25
 
 References, 51
 
 3 Components and Subsystems 55
 
 3.1 Transmitters, 55
 
 Laser Diodes, 63
 
 3.2 Transmission Line, 84
 
 3.3 Receivers, 135
 
 3.4 Digital Electronics, 146
 
 References, 162
 
 4 Nonfiber-Related Effects 177
 
 4.1 Linear Cross Talk, 177
 
 4.2 Noise in Optical Transmission Systems, 181
 
 Chains, 187
 
 References, 193
 
 5 Modulation Formats For WDM 197
 
 5.1 Basic Modulation, 197
 
 5.2 Pulse Shaping, 202
 
 5.3 Modulation Formats, 206
 
 5.4 Coherent Intradyne Dual-Polarization QAM Detection, 231
 
 5.5 Optical OFDM, 240
 
 5.6 Comparison of Modulation Formats, 243
 
 References, 247
 
 6 System Realization 253
 
 6.1 Access Networks, 253
 
 Arrays, 261
 
 Transmitters, 266
 
 6.2 Corporate Networks (Storage Reach Extensions), 277
 
 6.3 WDM Transport Encryption, 287
 
 6.4 Metro and Regional Networks, 288
 
 6.5 Long-Haul and Ultralong-Haul Systems, 294
 
 Dispersion, 297
 
 6.6 Future Network Configurations and Convergence, 313
 
 References, 321
 
 7 WDM Network Management 327
 
 7.1 Layered Network, 327
 
 7.2 Management Approaches, 329
 
 7.3 Basic EMS, NMS, and OSS Functionality, 331
 
 7.4 Data Communications Network, 334
 
 7.5 Management System Interfaces, 337
 
 7.6 Control Plane, 339
 
 References, 348
 
 8 Selected Network Issues 349
 
 8.1 Overview of the Optical Transport Network, 349
 
 8.2 Monitoring in WDM Systems, 356
 
 8.3 Flexible WDM Networks, 375
 
 8.4 Protection and Restoration, 377
 
 References, 389
 
 9 Standards Relevant for WDM 395
 
 9.1 ITU-T Recommendations, 395
 
 9.2 Others, 396
 
 10 Practical Approximations and Tips 401
 
 10.1 Conversion Between Bit Error Rate and Equivalent Q-Factor 401
 
 10.2 Properties of a PRBS Signal, 402
 
 10.3 Chromatic Dispersion Values and Propagation Constants, 403
 
 References, 404
 
 Index 405
 
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