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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments xi
1 Introduction to WDM 1
1.1 WDM Theory, 1
1.2 History of WDM, 2
References, 4
2 Optical Fiber Effects 7
2.1 Linear Effects, 7
2.2 Nonlinear Fiber Effects, 25
References, 51
3 Components and Subsystems 55
3.1 Transmitters, 55
Laser Diodes, 63
3.2 Transmission Line, 84
3.3 Receivers, 135
3.4 Digital Electronics, 146
References, 162
4 Nonfiber-Related Effects 177
4.1 Linear Cross Talk, 177
4.2 Noise in Optical Transmission Systems, 181
Chains, 187
References, 193
5 Modulation Formats For WDM 197
5.1 Basic Modulation, 197
5.2 Pulse Shaping, 202
5.3 Modulation Formats, 206
5.4 Coherent Intradyne Dual-Polarization QAM Detection, 231
5.5 Optical OFDM, 240
5.6 Comparison of Modulation Formats, 243
References, 247
6 System Realization 253
6.1 Access Networks, 253
Arrays, 261
Transmitters, 266
6.2 Corporate Networks (Storage Reach Extensions), 277
6.3 WDM Transport Encryption, 287
6.4 Metro and Regional Networks, 288
6.5 Long-Haul and Ultralong-Haul Systems, 294
Dispersion, 297
6.6 Future Network Configurations and Convergence, 313
References, 321
7 WDM Network Management 327
7.1 Layered Network, 327
7.2 Management Approaches, 329
7.3 Basic EMS, NMS, and OSS Functionality, 331
7.4 Data Communications Network, 334
7.5 Management System Interfaces, 337
7.6 Control Plane, 339
References, 348
8 Selected Network Issues 349
8.1 Overview of the Optical Transport Network, 349
8.2 Monitoring in WDM Systems, 356
8.3 Flexible WDM Networks, 375
8.4 Protection and Restoration, 377
References, 389
9 Standards Relevant for WDM 395
9.1 ITU-T Recommendations, 395
9.2 Others, 396
10 Practical Approximations and Tips 401
10.1 Conversion Between Bit Error Rate and Equivalent Q-Factor 401
10.2 Properties of a PRBS Signal, 402
10.3 Chromatic Dispersion Values and Propagation Constants, 403
References, 404
Index 405
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