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Contents
Part 1
MOST Standard
1 MOST Cooperation ................................................................. 19
1.1 Motivation and History .................................................. 19
1.2 Fast Standardization ..................................................... 21
1.3 Structure and Specification Work ..................................... 22
1.3.1 The Steering Committee ................................................ 22
1.3.2 The Administrator ........................................................ 23
1.3.3 The Technical Coordination Group .................................... 23
1.3.4 The Working Groups ..................................................... 24
1.3.5 The Technical Coordinator .............................................. 24
1.4 The Compliance Verification Program ................................ 25
2 Network Architectures in Automotive Applications ......................... 26
2.1 Automotive Applications ................................................ 27
2.2 The Function-Oriented Approach ...................................... 27
2.3 Communication Requirements ........................................ 30
2.4 Standardization and Classification ................................... 32
2.4.1 Standardization ........................................................... 32
2.4.2 Communication Systems for Closed Loop Control Functions .... 33
2.4.3 Communication Systems for Open Loop Control Functions ...... 33
2.4.4 Infotainment Communication Systems .............................. 34
2.4.5 Summary ................................................................... 35
2.5 Vehicle Network Architectures ......................................... 35
2.5.1 Central Gateway .......................................................... 36
3 Survey of the System Architecture ............................................. 37
3.1 MOST Layer Model ....................................................... 37
3.2 Application Framework .................................................. 38
3.3 Network-Services ......................................................... 41
3.4 MOST Data Link Layer .................................................... 42
3.4.1 MOST Frame ............................................................... 42
3.4.2 Timing Master, Timing Slave ........................................... 43
3.5 Physical Layer ............................................................. 44
3.5.1 Optical Physical Layer ................................................... 45
3.5.2 Electrical Physical Layer ................................................. 46
3.6 MOST Device ............................................................... 46
3.7 Network Management ................................................... 47
3.7.1 NetBlock .................................................................... 47
3.7.2 PowerMaster .............................................................. 48
3.7.3 Network Master; Network Slave ....................................... 48
3.7.4 ConnectionMaster ........................................................ 49
3.8 Transmission of Multimedia Data ..................................... 49
4 Application-Framework ........................................................... 50
4.1 Device Model .............................................................. 50
4.2 Application Protocol ..................................................... 52
4.2.1 Data Format ................................................................ 52
4.2.2 Dynamic Behavior ........................................................ 59
4.3 MOST Function Blocks ................................................... 65
4.3.1 Structure of a Function Block .......................................... 66
4.3.2 Function Classes .......................................................... 67
4.3.3 Function Interfaces ....................................................... 69
4.3.4 System FBlocks ........................................................... 69
4.3.5 Administration of Synchronous Channels ........................... 73
4.4 Standardized FBlocks for Applications .............................. 76
4.4.1 Function Catalog .......................................................... 76
4.4.2 Jointly used Functions (GeneralFBlock) .............................. 78
4.4.3 Application Interfaces ................................................... 78
4.4.4 Example of Use (AuxIn) ................................................. 81
5 MOST Protocols ..................................................................... 85
5.1 MOST25 Frame ............................................................ 85
5.1.1 Preamble ................................................................... 86
5.1.2 Boundary Descriptor ..................................................... 86
5.1.3 Frame Control ............................................................. 87
5.2 Synchronous Area ........................................................ 87
5.3 Asynchronous Area ...................................................... 89
5.4 Control Channel ........................................................... 92
5.5 Addressing ................................................................. 96
5.6 MOST50 Frame ............................................................ 99
5.7 Higher Protocols ......................................................... 100
5.7.1 MOST High Protocol (MHP) ............................................ 100
5.7.2 MAMAC .................................................................... 104
Contents 11
6 Physical Layer ...................................................................... 105
6.1 Introduction .............................................................. 105
6.2 POF Plastic Optical Fibers .............................................. 106
6.2.1 Basic Principles .......................................................... 106
6.2.2 Polymer Fibers – Properties and Advantages ...................... 108
6.3 Contacting of PMMA Fibers ............................................ 111
6.4 Opto-Electronic Transceivers .......................................... 113
6.4.1 LED Transmitter Units ................................................... 113
6.4.2 PIN Photodiodes ......................................................... 115
6.4.3 Transceiver Housing and Connectors ................................ 115
6.5 System Considerations for the MOST Physical Layer ............. 119
6.5.1 Basic Principles of Optical and Electrical Parameters ............ 119
6.5.2 Optical and Electrical Requirements ................................ 125
6.5.3 Power Budget ............................................................ 128
6.5.4 Timing Requirements ................................................... 130
6.6 Further Developments of the Physical Layer ....................... 133
6.6.1 MOST Systems with higher Data Rates .............................. 133
6.6.2 Alternative Transmission Media ...................................... 134
7 Network Management ............................................................ 140
7.1 Wake-up ................................................................... 140
7.2 System Initialization .................................................... 142
7.2.1 System Query ............................................................ 142
7.2.2 Central Registry .......................................................... 143
7.2.3 Network System Status ................................................. 143
7.2.4 Dynamic Addressing .................................................... 145
7.2.5 Examples of System Starts ............................................ 146
7.3 Notification ............................................................... 147
7.4 Power-Down .............................................................. 149
7.5 Error Management ...................................................... 150
7.5.1 Optical Events ............................................................ 150
7.5.2 Over-Temperature ....................................................... 151
7.5.3 Undervoltage ............................................................. 152
8 MOST Interface Controller ....................................................... 153
8.1 The Hardware Structure of a MOST Node ........................... 153
8.2 The Concept of the MOST Network Interface Controllers ........ 154
8.2.1 INIC ......................................................................... 154
8.2.2 NIC .......................................................................... 155
8.3 Intelligent Network Interface Controller (INIC) ..................... 156
8.3.1 Available Interfaces ..................................................... 156
12 Contents
8.3.2 Ports, Sockets and Connections .................................... 156
8.3.3 Communication with the INIC on the part of the EHC .......... 158
8.3.4 The Role of the INIC with regard to the MOST Network ......... 160
8.3.5 Communication Paths in the INIC .................................. 161
8.3.6 MediaLB, the Synchronous Multi-Purpose Interface ............ 162
8.3.7 The Control Port ........................................................ 165
8.3.8 The Streaming Port .................................................... 165
8.3.9 Interfaces for Control Data in INICs ................................ 166
8.3.10 Interfaces for Streaming Data in INICs ............................. 166
8.3.11 Interfaces for Packet Data in INICs ................................. 166
8.3.12 Examples of INIC components ...................................... 166
8.4 Network Interface Controller (NIC) .................................. 166
8.4.1 Available Interfaces ................................................... 167
8.4.2 Serial Operation ....................................................... 168
8.4.3 Parallel Operation of CP and SP .................................... 168
8.4.4 Possible Configurations (Serial/Parallel) ......................... 169
8.4.5 The Basic Configuration of a NIC ................................... 170
8.4.6 Interfaces for Control Data in NICs ................................. 170
8.4.7 Interfaces for Streaming Data in NICs ............................. 170
8.4.8 Interfaces for Packet Data in NICs .................................. 171
8.4.9 Secondary Node ....................................................... 171
9 Network Service .................................................................. 175
9.1 Overview ................................................................. 175
9.2 MOST NetServices ..................................................... 176
9.2.1 Models of MOST NetServices ........................................ 177
9.3 Modules of the MOST NetServices ................................. 177
9.3.1 Layer I Version 1.x ..................................................... 177
9.3.2 Layer I Version 2.x ..................................................... 180
9.3.3 Layer II Versions 1.x and 2.x ......................................... 181
9.4 Integration of the MOST NetServices onto the Target Platform 186
9.4.1 Callback Functions .................................................... 186
9.4.2 Main Loop Architecture ............................................... 187
9.4.3 Multitasking Architectures ........................................... 188
9.4.4 System Management Module ....................................... 189
10 MOST System Design – V-Model XT and MSC ............................... 190
10.1 The V-Model XT1 ......................................................... 190
10.2 System Specification ................................................... 195
10.3 System Design ........................................................... 197
10.4 Detail Design of the System ........................................... 198
Contents 13
10.5 Realization of the System Elements ................................. 199
10.6 The Description Language Message Sequence Chart (MSC) ... 199
10.6.2 High-Level MSC .......................................................... 204
11 Testing MOST-based Infotainment Systems ................................. 205
11.1 Challenges in Testing MOST Systems ................................ 205
11.2 Overview of the OEM Test Activities ................................. 206
11.3 The Test Process ......................................................... 207
11.4 Component Tests ........................................................ 208
11.5 Integration Tests ......................................................... 211
11.6 System Tests .............................................................. 212
11.7 Test Tools .................................................................. 213
12 Compliance Tests .................................................................. 215
12.1 Objectives of Compliance Tests ...................................... 215
12.2 Organization of the Compliance-Process ........................... 216
12.2.1 Authorities for the Compliance Process ............................ 216
12.2.2 Workflow of the Compliance Process ................................ 217
12.3 Physical Layer Compliance Tests ..................................... 218
12.4 Core Compliance Tests ................................................. 220
12.5 Profile Compliance Tests ............................................... 222
12.6 Interoperability Tests ................................................... 222
13 Survey of the MOST Specifications ............................................ 224
13.1 Structure .................................................................. 224
13.2 MOST Specification ..................................................... 225
13.3 MOST Dynamic Specification .......................................... 226
13.4 MOST Function Catalog ................................................. 226
13.5 MOST Compliance Test Specifications .............................. 228
13.6 Further Specifications, Guidelines and Cookbooks .............. 228
Part 2
MOST-Based Applications
14 Development Tools ................................................................ 233
14.1 Development Tools ...................................................... 233
14.2 Development Tools – Hardware ...................................... 234
14.2.1 SMSC OptoLyzer OL3025o ............................................. 234
14.2.2 SMSC MOST PCI-Board ................................................. 235
14.2.3 Vector VN2610 MOST USB Interface ................................. 236
14.3 Development Tools – Software ....................................... 237
14.3.1 SMSC OptoLyzer Suite .................................................. 237
14 Contents
14.3.2 SMSC MOST Rapid Control ............................................ 239
14.3.3 SMSC MOST Radar ...................................................... 240
14.3.4 SMSC INIC Remote Viewer ............................................. 241
14.3.5 Vector CANoe.MOST .................................................... 241
14.3.6 MOST Editor .............................................................. 242
15 Structure of a Simple MOST System .......................................... 245
15.1 Structure of the MOST System ....................................... 245
15.1.1 SMSC Amplifier 4 MOST ................................................ 246
15.1.2 CD Changer ............................................................... 248
15.2 Configuration of the Components ................................... 248
15.2.1 MOST Routing Table (MRT) ............................................. 249
15.2.2 System Function Blocks ................................................ 249
15.3 HMI ........................................................................ 251
15.3.1 Development of the HMI with SMSC MOST RapidControl ....... 251
15.3.2 Development of the HMI with Vector CANoe.MOST .............. 257
15.4 MOST System Extensions .............................................. 263
16 Gateways to MOST ................................................................ 264
16.1 Distribution of Signals via a Gateway ............................... 264
16.2 Architecture of a Gateway ............................................. 265
16.3 MOST – CAN Gateway .................................................. 266
16.4 MOST – Bluetooth Gateway ........................................... 267
16.5 Routing of the Control Channel ....................................... 268
16.5.1 Routing of the Synchronous Audio Channels ...................... 269
17 Manufacturing and Processing of MOST Components .................... 271
17.1 Elements, Structure and Testing of Opto-Electronic MOST
Components .............................................................. 271
17.1.1 Header ..................................................................... 272
17.1.2 Set of Fibers .............................................................. 274
17.1.3 Connectors ................................................................ 279
17.2 Processing within the Scope of Electronics Manufacture ....... 280
17.2.1 Mounting and Soldering of Headers ................................. 280
17.2.2 Mounting and Soldering of Connectors ............................. 281
17.2.3 Mounting of Internal Sets of Fibers .................................. 281
17.2.4 Device Testing ............................................................ 282
17.3 Summary .................................................................. 282
18 MOST in Volume Production .................................................... 283
18.1 Architecture ............................................................... 283
18.1.1 Network Topology with a Central Gateway ......................... 283
Contents 15
18.1.2 System Definition ....................................................... 284
18.1.3 Migration .................................................................. 286
18.2 Communication Characteristics of the Gateway .................. 288
18.2.1 Group Addresses ........................................................ 288
18.2.2 TP and BAP Communication ........................................... 289
18.3 Software Test and Software Update ................................. 289
18.3.1 Software Test ............................................................. 290
18.3.2 Software Update ......................................................... 290
18.4 Optical Physical Layer .................................................. 291
18.5 Basic Functions .......................................................... 292
18.5.1 Power Management ..................................................... 292
18.5.2 Wake-Up ................................................................... 295
18.6 Error Analysis ............................................................. 299
18.6.1 Wake-Up Analysis ....................................................... 299
18.6.2 All-Slave Network ........................................................ 300
18.7 Communication Diagnosis and Ring Break Diagnosis ........... 301
18.8 System Stability ......................................................... 303
18.8.1 Resource De-Allocate-All ............................................... 304
18.8.2 Double Call of Functions Allocate/DeAllocate and Connect/
DisConnect (Handling of Double Commands) ..................... 304
19 Sound Systems in Cars ........................................................... 306
19.1 Sound Systems .......................................................... 306
19.2 Requirements of an Audio System ................................... 309
19.3 Transmission Formats .................................................. 311
Appendix
A Comparison between MOST, Ethernet and IEEE 1394 ..................... 317
A.1 Abstraction Model for a Comparison ................................ 317
A.2 System Architecture ..................................................... 318
A.3 Software Architecture ................................................... 325
A.4 Technology ................................................................ 326
A.5 Examination of performance with regard to multimedia
applications .............................................................. 328
A.6 Additional Implications of the Systems ............................. 332
A.7 Conclusion ................................................................ 334
B Important Communication Systems ........................................... 335
B.1 CAN ......................................................................... 335
B.1.1 History ..................................................................... 335
16 Contents
B.1.2 The Concept .............................................................. 336
B.1.3 Arbitration ................................................................ 337
B.1.4 Protocol .................................................................... 338
B.1.5 CAN-B ...................................................................... 339
B.1.6 CAN-C ...................................................................... 339
B.2 Bluetooth ................................................................. 340
B.2.1 History ..................................................................... 340
B.2.2 Technology ................................................................ 340
B.2.3 Networking ................................................................ 341
B.2.4 Bluetooth Protocol Stacks ............................................. 342
B.2.5 Bluetooth Car Profile .................................................... 344
B.3 FlexRay [Meh 2004] ..................................................... 346
B.3.1 History ..................................................................... 347
B.3.2 Technology ................................................................ 347
B.3.3 Data Transmission ....................................................... 347
B.3.4 “Global Time” and Clock Synchronization .......................... 348
B.3.5 Physical Layer ............................................................ 349
B.3.6 Networking ................................................................ 350
B.3.7 Outlook .................................................................... 351
B.4 LIN .......................................................................... 352
B.4.1 History ..................................................................... 352
B.4.2 Most important Features of LIN ....................................... 353
C Abbreviations ...................................................................... 357
D Glossary ............................................................................. 362
E Bibliography ........................................................................ 369
Index ....................................................................................... 379
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发表于 2011-2-9 14:56:27