Robbins - Circuit Analysis - Theory and Practice 3e

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OBJECTIVES
After studying this chapter, you will be able to
• describe the SI system of measurement,
• convert between various sets of units,
• use power of ten notation to simplify
handling of large and small numbers,
• express electrical units using standard
prefix notation such as mA, kV, mW, etc.,
• use a sensible number of significant digits
in calculations,
• describe what block diagrams are and
why they are used,
• convert a simple pictorial circuit to its
schematic representation,
• describe generally how computers fit in
the electrical circuit analysis picture.

An electrical circuit is a system of interconnected components such as resistors,
capacitors, inductors, voltage sources, and so on. The electrical behavior
of these components is described by a few basic experimental laws. These
laws and the principles, concepts, mathematical relationships, and methods of
analysis that have evolved from them are known as circuit theory.
Much of circuit theory deals with problem solving and numerical analysis.
When you analyze a problem or design a circuit, for example, you are typically
required to compute values for voltage, current, and power. In addition to a
numerical value, your answer must include a unit. The system of units used for
this purpose is the SI system (Systéme International). The SI system is a unified
system of metric measurement; it encompasses not only the familiar MKS
(meters, kilograms, seconds) units for length, mass, and time, but also units for
electrical and magnetic quantities as well.
Quite frequently, however, the SI units yield numbers that are either too
large or too small for convenient use. To handle these, engineering notation and
a set of standard prefixes have been developed. Their use in representation and
computation is described and illustrated. The question of significant digits is also
investigated.
Since circuit theory is somewhat abstract, diagrams are used to help present
ideas. We look at several types—schematic, pictorial, and block diagrams—and
show how to use them to represent circuits and systems.
We conclude the chapter with a brief look at computer usage in circuit analysis
and design. Several popular application packages and programming languages
are described. Special emphasis is placed on OrCAD PSpice and Electronics
Workbench, the two principal software packages used throughout this book.

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