3G.CDMA2000.Wireless.System.Engineering

Challenger

Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to 3G CDMA 1
1.1 Third Generation Systems 1
1.2 Protocol Architecture 2
1.3 Other Elements of Protocol Architecture 3
1.4 Spreading Rate 1 and Spreading Rate 3 5
1.5 Differences Between IS-2000 and IS-95 7
1.5.1 Signaling 7
1.5.2 Transmission 8
1.5.3 Concluding Remarks 8
References 9
CHAPTER 2
Physical Layer: Forward Link 11
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Radio Configurations 14
2.3 Signaling Channels 15
2.3.1 Forward Dedicated Control Channel (F-DCCH) 15
2.3.2 Quick Paging Chanel (F-QPCH) 16
2.3.3 Forward Common Control Channel (F-CCCH) 19
2.3.4 Broadcast Control Channel (F-BCCH) 20
2.3.5 Common Assignment Channel (F-CACH) 21
2.3.6 Common Power Control Channel (F-CPCCH) 22
2.3.7 Pilot Channels 24
2.4 User Channels 26
2.4.1 Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH) 26
2.4.2 Forward Supplemental Channel (F-SCH) 27
2.5 Channel Structure 31
2.6 Modulation 32
2.7 Capacity Gain: Forward Link 34
References 35
Selected Bibliography 35
vii
CHAPTER 3
Physical Layer: Reverse Link 37
3.1 Introduction 37
3.2 Radio Configurations 39
3.3 Signaling Channels 40
3.3.1 Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH) 40
3.3.2 Reverse Common Control Channel (R-CCCH) 41
3.3.3 Enhanced Access Channel (R-EACH) 42
3.3.4 Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH) 45
3.4 User Channels 49
3.4.1 Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH) 50
3.4.2 Reverse Supplemental Channel (R-SCH) 50
3.5 Channel Structure 50
3.6 Modulation 51
3.7 Capacity Gain: Reverse Link 52
References 53
Selected Bibliography 53
CHAPTER 4
Medium Access Control 55
4.1 Introduction 55
4.2 Primitives 55
4.3 Multiplex Sublayers 57
4.4 Radio Link Protocol (RLP) 60
4.4.1 Overview of Layer 2 Protocols 60
4.4.2 llustration of the RLP 61
4.4.3 Concluding Remarks 62
4.5 Signaling Radio Burst Protocol (SRBP) 63
4.6 System Access 64
4.6.1 Basic Access Mode 65
4.6.2 Reservation Access Mode 65
4.6.3 Power Controlled Access Mode 67
4.6.4 Designated Access Mode 68
References 68
CHAPTER 5
Signaling Link Access Control 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 LAC Sublayers 71
5.2.1 Authentication and Addressing Sublayers 71
5.2.2 ARQ Sublayer 73
5.2.3 Utility Sublayer 73
5.2.4 Segmentation and Reassembly Sublayer 74
5.3 Sublayer Processing 74
5.3.1 Common Signaling: Forward Link 74
5.3.2 Common Signaling: Reverse Link 76
5.3.3 Dedicated Signaling: Forward Link 77
viii Contents
5.3.4 Dedicated Signaling: Reverse Link 80
5.4 Interaction of Layer and Sublayers 80
5.4.1 Transmit Side 81
5.4.2 Receive Side 82
References 83
CHAPTER 6
Signaling: Upper Layers 85
6.1 Overview 85
6.2 State Transitions: Call Processing 87
6.2.1 Initialization State 88
6.2.2 Mobile Station Idle State 89
6.2.3 System Access State 91
6.2.4 Mobile Station Control on the Traffic Channel State 94
6.3 Mode Transitions: Packet Data Transmission 96
6.3.1 Active Mode 96
6.3.2 Control Hold Mode 96
6.3.3 Dormant Mode 96
6.3.4 Transitions 97
6.4 Channel Setup 97
6.4.1 Example 1: Base Station-Originated Voice Call 98
6.4.2 Example 2: Mobile Station-Originated Voice Call 99
6.4.3 Example 3: Mobile Station-Originated Packet Data Call 100
6.4.4 Example 4: Supplemental Channel Request During a
6.4.4 Packet Data Call 101
6.4.5 Concluding Remarks 104
References 104
CHAPTER 7
Power Control 107
7.1 Introduction 107
7.2 Power Control of the Forward Link 107
7.2.1 Inner Loop and Outer Loop 107
7.2.2 Power Control of Multiple Forward Traffic Channels 110
7.3 Power Control of the Reverse Link: Open Loop 113
7.3.1 Power Control of Multiple Reverse Channels 113
7.3.2 Summary 116
7.4 Power Control of the Reverse Link: Closed Loop 117
7.4.1 Inner Loop and Outer Loop 118
7.4.2 Power Control of Multiple Reverse Channels 119
References 121
CHAPTER 8
Handoff 123
8.1 Introduction 123
8.2 Soft Handoff 123
8.2.1 Active Set 124
Contents ix
8.2.2 Candidate Set 127
8.2.3 Neighbor Set 128
8.2.4 Remaining Set 129
8.2.5 Set Transitions 129
8.2.6 Example: Soft Handoff 129
8.3 Idle Handoff 133
8.3.1 Active Set 133
8.3.2 Neighbor Set 134
8.3.3 Private Neighbor Set 134
8.3.4 Remaining Set 134
8.3.5 Idle Handoff Process 134
8.4 Access Entry Handoff 134
8.5 Access Handoff 135
8.5.1 Active Set 136
8.5.2 Neighbor Set 136
8.5.3 Remaining Set 136
8.5.4 Access Handoff Process 136
8.6 Access Probe Handoff 138
8.7 Concluding Remarks 139
References 140
CHAPTER 9
System Performance 141
9.1 Introduction 141
9.2 Channel Supervision 141
9.2.1 Forward Link: Traffic Channel 141
9.2.2 Forward Link: Common Channel 142
9.2.3 Reverse Link 142
9.3 Code Management 142
9.3.1 Generation of Walsh Codes 143
9.3.2 Assignment of Walsh Codes: Forward Link 144
9.3.3 Quasi-Orthogonal Functions 147
9.3.4 Assignment of Walsh Codes: Reverse Link 147
9.4 Turbo Codes 150
9.5 Transmit Diversity 152
9.5.1 Orthogonal Transmit Diversity 152
9.5.2 Space Time Spreading 154
9.5.3 Concluding Remarks 156
References 156
Selected Bibliography 157
CHAPTER 10
System Design: Coverage 159
10.1 Introduction 159
10.2 Forward Pilot Channel 161
10.3 Forward Fundamental Channel 162
10.4 Forward Supplemental Channel 163
x Contents
10.5 Upper Bounds of Interference: Forward Link 165
10.6 Reverse Fundamental Channel 165
10.7 Reverse Supplemental Channel 167
10.8 Upper Bounds of Interference: Reverse Link 168
10.9 Eb/N0 and Receiver Sensitivity 169
10.10 Concluding Remarks 169
Reference 170
CHAPTER 11
System Design: Capacity 171
11.1 Introduction 171
11.2 Mathematical Definitions 171
11.2.1 Received Signal Power 171
11.2.2 Loading Factor 173
11.3 Reverse Link 174
11.3.1 Capacity 174
11.3.2 Capacity Improvements in IS-2000 176
11.3.3 Capacity Improvements in a System 177
11.4 Forward Link 178
11.4.1 Capacity 179
11.4.2 Capacity Improvements in IS-2000 182
11.4.3 Capacity Improvements in a System 183
References 185
CHAPTER 12
Network Architecture 187
12.1 Introduction 187
12.2 2G Network 187
12.2.1 Network Elements 187
12.2.2 Protocols 189
12.3 3G Network 189
12.3.1 Network Elements 190
12.3.2 Protocols 191
12.4 Simple IP 192
12.5 Mobile IP 193
12.6 Concluding Remarks 196
References 197
CHAPTER 13
1xEV-DO Network 199
13.1 Introduction 199
13.2 1xEV-DO Network 201
13.3 Protocol Architecture 202
13.3.1 Application Layer 204
13.3.2 Stream Layer 205
13.3.3 Session Layer 205
13.3.4 Connection Layer 206
Contents xi
13.3.5 Security Layer 210
13.3.6 Concluding Remarks 210
References 211
CHAPTER 14
1xEV-DO Radio Interface: Forward Link 213
14.1 Introduction 213
14.2 MAC Layer 213
14.2.1 Forward Traffic Channel MAC Protocol 214
14.2.2 Control Channel MAC Protocol 215
14.3 Physical Layer 215
14.3.1 Pilot Channel 215
14.3.2 Forward Traffic Channel/Control Channel 216
14.3.3 MAC Channel 219
14.3.4 Time Division Multiplexing 221
14.3.5 Modulation 225
14.4 Concluding Remarks 226
References 226
Selected Bibliography 226
CHAPTER 15
1xEV-DO Radio Interface: Reverse Link 227
15.1 Introduction 227
15.2 MAC Layer 227
15.2.1 Reverse Traffic Channel MAC Protocol 227
15.2.2 Access Channel MAC Protocol 228
15.3 Physical Layer 229
15.3.1 Reverse Traffic Channel 231
15.3.2 Access Channel 236
15.3.3 Modulation 238
15.4 Reverse Power Control 239
15.4.1 Open-Loop Power Control 239
15.4.2 Closed-Loop Power Control 240
References 240
Selected Bibliography 240
About the Author 241
Index 243

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