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Product Description
Multimedia stands as one of the mostchallenging and exciting aspects of the information era. Although thereare books available that deal with various facets of multimedia, thefield has urgently needed a comprehensive look at recent developmentsin the systems, processing, and applications of image and video data ina multimedia environment.Multimedia Image and Video Processing fillsthat need. Beginning with existing standards and their impact onmultimedia image and video processing, experts from around the worldaddress a broad spectrum of topics in a tutorial style. Theirauthoritative contributions cover the pros and cons of current and newarchitectures, conventional and intelligent image processingtechniques, new developments in the compression and coding of video andimages, and content-based image and video retrieval. The book's finalchapters examine recent results in multimedia applications, includingtranscoding for multipoint video conferencing, distance education,video-on-demand and telemedicine.The extremely rapid growth of thisfield means that books even just a few years old may offer informationthat is already obsolete. Multimedia Image and Video Processing offersnot only recent research and developments, but does so in a way thatprovides a solid introduction to each topic and builds a basis forfuture study, research, and development.
Context:
1 Emerging Standards for Multimedia Applications
Tsuhan Chen
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Standards
1.3 Fundamentals of Video Coding
1.3.1 Transform Coding
1.3.2 Motion Compensation
1.3.3 Summary
1.4 Emerging Video and Multimedia Standards
1.4.1 H.263
1.4.2 H.26L
1.4.3 MPEG-4
1.4.4 MPEG-7
1.5 Standards for Multimedia Communication
1.6 Conclusion
References
2 An Efficient Algorithm and Architecture for Real-Time Perspective Image
Warping
Yi Kang and Thomas S. Huang
2.1 Introduction
2.2 A Fast Algorithm for Perspective Transform
2.2.1 Perspective Transform
2.2.2 Existing Approximation Methods
2.2.3 Constant Denominator Method
2.2.4 Simulation Results
2.2.5 Sprite Warping Algorithm
2.3 Architecture for Sprite Warping
2.3.1 Implementation Issues
2.3.2 Memory Bandwidth Reduction
2.3.3 Architecture
2.4 Conclusion
References
3 Application-Specific Multimedia Processor Architecture
Yu Hen Hu and Surin Kittitornkun
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Requirements of Multimedia Signal Processing (MSP) Hardware
3.1.2 Strategies: Matching Micro-Architecture and Algorithm
3.2 Systolic Array Structure Micro-Architecture
3.2.1 Systolic Array Design Methodology
3.2.2 Array Structures for Motion Estimation
3.3 Dedicated Micro-Architecture
3.3.1 Design Methodologies for Dedicated Micro-Architecture
3.3.2 Feed-Forward Direct Synthesis: Fast Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
3.3.3 Feedback Direct Synthesis: Huffman Coding
3.4 Concluding Remarks
References
4 Superresolution of Images with Learned Multiple Reconstruction Kernels
Frank M. Candocia and Jose C. Principe
4.1 Introduction
4.2 An Approach to Superresolution
4.2.1 Comments and Observations
4.2.2 Finding Bases for Image Representation
4.2.3 Description of the Methodology
4.3 Image Acquisition Model
4.4 Relating Kernel-Based Approaches
4.4.1 Single Kernel
4.4.2 Family of Kernels
4.5 Description of the Superresolution Architecture
4.5.1 The Training Data
4.5.2 Clustering of Data
4.5.3 Neighborhood Association
4.5.4 Superresolving Images
4.6 Results
4.7 Issues and Notes
4.8 Conclusions
References
5 Image Processing Techniques for Multimedia Processing
N. Herodotou, K.N. Plataniotis, and A.N. Venetsanopoulos
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Color in Multimedia Processing
5.3 Color Image Filtering
5.3.1 Fuzzy Multichannel Filters
5.3.2 The Membership Functions
5.3.3 A Combined Fuzzy Directional and Fuzzy Median Filter
5.3.4 Application to Color Images
5.4 Color Image Segmentation
5.4.1 Histogram Thresholding
5.4.2 Postprocessing and Region Merging
5.4.3 Experimental Results
5.5 Facial Image Segmentation
5.5.1 Extraction of Skin-Tone Regions
5.5.2 Postprocessing
5.5.3 Shape and Color Analysis
5.5.4 Fuzzy Membership Functions
5.5.5 Meta-Data Features
5.5.6 Experimental Results
5.6 Conclusions
References
6 Intelligent Multimedia Processing
Ling Guan, Sun-Yuan Kung, and Jenq-Neng Hwang
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Neural Networks and Multimedia Processing
6.1.2 Focal Technical Issues Addressed in the Chapter
6.1.3 Organization of the Chapter
6.2 Useful Neural Network Approaches to Multimedia Data Representation, Classification,
and Fusion
6.2.1 Multimedia Data Representation
6.2.2 Multimedia Data Detection and Classification
6.2.3 Hierarchical Fuzzy Neural Networks as Linear Fusion Networks
6.2.4 Temporal Models for Multimodal Conversion and Synchronization
6.3 Neural Networks for IMP Applications
6.3.1 Image Visualization and Segmentation
6.3.2 Personal Authentication and Recognition
6.3.3 Audio-to-Visual Conversion and Synchronization
6.3.4 Image and Video Retrieval, Browsing, and Content-Based Indexing
6.3.5 Interactive Human–Computer Vision
6.4 Open Issues, Future Research Directions, and Conclusions
References
7 On Independent Component Analysis for Multimedia Signals
Lars Kai Hansen, Jan Larsen, and Thomas Kolenda
7.1 Background
7.2 Principal and Independent Component Analysis
7.3 Likelihood Framework for Independent Component Analysis
7.3.1 Generalization and the Bias-Variance Dilemma
7.3.2 Noisy Mixing of White Sources
7.3.3 Separation Based on Time Correlation
7.3.4 Likelihood
7.4 Separation of Sound Signals
7.4.1 Sound Separation using PCA
7.4.2 Sound Separation using Molgedey–Schuster ICA
7.4.3 Sound Separation using Bell–Sejnowski ICA
7.4.4 Comparison
7.5 Separation of Image Mixtures
7.5.1 Image Segmentation using PCA
7.5.2 Image Segmentation using Molgedey–Schuster ICA
7.5.3 Discussion
7.6 ICA for Text Representation
7.6.1 Text Analysis
7.6.2 Latent Semantic Analysis — PCA
7.6.3 Latent Semantic Analysis — ICA
7.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Appendix A
References
8 Image Analysis and Graphics for Multimedia Presentation
Tülay Adali and Yue Wang
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Image Analysis
8.2.1 Pixel Modeling
8.2.2 Model Identification
8.2.3 Context Modeling
8.2.4 Applications
8.3 Graphics Modeling
8.3.1 Surface Reconstruction
8.3.2 Physical Deformable Models
8.3.3 Deformable Surface–Spine Models
8.3.4 Numerical Implementation
8.3.5 Applications
References
9 Combined Motion Estimation and Transform Coding in Compressed Domain
Ut-Va Koc and K.J. Ray Liu
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fully DCT-Based Motion-Compensated Video Coder Structure
9.3 DCT Pseudo-Phase Techniques
9.4 DCT-Based Motion Estimation
9.4.1 The DXT-ME Algorithm
9.4.2 Computational Issues and Complexity
9.4.3 Preprocessing
9.4.4 Adaptive Overlapping Approach
9.4.5 Simulation Results
9.5 Subpixel DCT Pseudo-Phase Techniques
9.5.1 Subpel Sinusoidal Orthogonality Principles
9.6 DCT-Based Subpixel Motion Estimation
9.6.1 DCT-Based Half-Pel Motion Estimation Algorithm (HDXT-ME)
9.6.2 DCT-Based Quarter-Pel Motion Estimation Algorithm (QDXT-ME
and Q4DXT-ME)
9.6.3 Simulation Results
9.7 DCT-Based Motion Compensation
9.7.1 Integer-Pel DCT-Based Motion Compensation
9.7.2 Subpixel DCT-Based Motion Compensation
9.7.3 Simulation
9.8 Conclusion
References
10 Object-Based Analysis–Synthesis Coding Based on Moving 3D Objects
Jörn Ostermann
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Object-Based Analysis–Synthesis Coding
10.3 Source Models for OBASC
10.3.1 Camera Model
10.3.2 Scene Model
10.3.3 Illumination Model
10.3.4 Object Model
10.4 Image Analysis for 3D Object Models
10.4.1 Overview
10.4.2 Motion Estimation for R3D
10.4.3 MF Objects
10.5 Optimization of Parameter Coding for R3D and F3D
10.5.1 Motion Parameter Coding
10.5.2 2D Shape Parameter Coding
10.5.3 Coding of Component Separation
10.5.4 Flexible Shape Parameter Coding
10.5.5 Color Parameters
10.5.6 Control of Parameter Coding
10.6 Experimental Results
10.7 Conclusions
References
11 Rate-Distortion Techniques in Image and Video Coding
Aggelos K. Katsaggelos and Gerry Melnikov
11.1 The Multimedia Transmission Problem
11.2 The Operational Rate-Distortion Function
11.3 Problem Formulation
11.4 Mathematical Tools in RD Optimization
11.4.1 Lagrangian Optimization
11.4.2 Dynamic Programming
11.5 Applications of RD Methods
11.5.1 QT-Based Motion Estimation and Motion-Compensated Interpolation
11.5.2 QT-Based Video Encoding
11.5.3 Hybrid Fractal/DCT Image Compression
11.5.4 Shape Coding
11.6 Conclusions
References
12 Transform Domain Techniques for Multimedia Image and Video Coding
S. Suthaharan, S.W. Kim, H.R. Wu, and K.R. Rao
12.1 Coding Artifacts Reduction
12.1.1 Introduction
12.1.2 Methodology
12.1.3 Experimental Results
12.1.4 More Comparison
12.2 Image and Edge Detail Detection
12.2.1 Introduction
12.2.2 Methodology
12.2.3 Experimental Results
12.3 Summary
References
13 Video Modeling and Retrieval
Yi Zhang and Tat-Seng Chua
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Modeling and Representation of Video: Segmentation vs.
Stratification
13.2.1 Practical Considerations
13.3 Design of a Video Retrieval System
13.3.1 Video Segmentation
13.3.2 Logging of Shots
13.3.3 Modeling the Context between Video Shots
13.4 Retrieval and Virtual Editing of Video
13.4.1 Video Shot Retrieval
13.4.2 Scene Association Retrieval
13.4.3 Virtual Editing
13.5 Implementation
13.6 Testing and Results
13.7 Conclusion
References
14 Image Retrieval in Frequency Domain Using DCT Coefficient Histograms
Jose A. Lay and Ling Guan
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Multimedia Data Compression
14.1.2 Multimedia Data Retrieval
14.1.3 About This Chapter
14.2 The DCT Coefficient Domain
14.2.1 A Matrix Description of the DCT
14.2.2 The DCT Coefficients in JPEG and MPEG Media
14.2.3 Energy Histograms of the DCT Coefficients
14.3 Frequency Domain Image/Video Retrieval Using DCT Coefficients
14.3.1 Content-Based Retrieval Model
14.3.2 Content-Based Search Processing Model
14.3.3 Perceiving the MPEG-7 Search Engine
14.3.4 Image Manipulation in the DCT Domain
14.3.5 The Energy Histogram Features
14.3.6 Proximity Evaluation
14.3.7 Experimental Results
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 Rapid Similarity Retrieval from Image and Video
Kim Shearer, Svetha Venkatesh, and Horst Bunke
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Definitions
15.2 Image Indexing and Retrieval
15.3 Encoding Video Indices
15.4 Decision Tree Algorithms
15.4.1 Decision Tree-Based LCSG Algorithm
15.5 Decomposition Network Algorithm
15.5.1 Decomposition-Based LCSG Algorithm
15.6 Results of Tests Over a Video Database
15.6.1 Decomposition Network Algorithm
15.6.2 Inexact Decomposition Algorithm
15.6.3 Decision Tree
15.6.4 Results of the LCSG Algorithms
15.7 Conclusion
References
16 Video Transcoding
Tzong-Der Wu, Jenq-Neng Hwang, and Ming-Ting Sun
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Pixel-Domain Transcoders
16.2.1 Introduction
16.2.2 Cascaded Video Transcoder
16.2.3 Removal of Frame Buffer and Motion Compensation Modules
16.2.4 Removal of IDCT Module
16.3 DCT Domain Transcoder
16.3.1 Introduction
16.3.2 Architecture of DCT Domain Transcoder
16.3.3 Full-Pixel Interpolation
16.3.4 Half-Pixel Interpolation
16.4 Frame-Skipping in Video Transcoding
16.4.1 Introduction
16.4.2 Interpolation of Motion Vectors
16.4.3 Search Range Adjustment
16.4.4 Dynamic Frame-Skipping
16.4.5 Simulation and Discussion
16.5 Multipoint Video Bridging
16.5.1 Introduction
16.5.2 Video Characteristics in Multipoint Video Conferencing
16.5.3 Results of Using the Coded Domain and Transcoding Approaches
16.6 Summary
References
17 Multimedia Distance Learning
Sachin G. Deshpande, Jenq-Neng Hwang, and Ming-Ting Sun
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Interactive Virtual Classroom Distance Learning Environment
17.2.1 Handling the Electronic Slide Presentation
17.2.2 Handling Handwritten Text
17.3 Multimedia Features for On-Demand Distance Learning Environment
17.3.1 Hypervideo Editor Tool
17.3.2 Automating the Multimedia Features Creation for On-Demand System
17.4 Issues in the Development of Multimedia Distance Learning
17.4.1 Error Recovery, Synchronization, and Delay Handling
17.4.2 Fast Encoding and Rate Control
17.4.3 Multicasting
17.4.4 Human Factors
17.5 Summary and Conclusion
References |
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发表于 2009-5-8 14:49:29
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