Contents vii
10.7
11 M/2+M ladders
11.1 M/3M ladders
11.2 M/2.5M ladders
11.3 Ladder selection and other M/2+M ladders
11.4 Current collector design
11.5 Complementary ladders
11.6
11.7
12 Comparison
13 Linear DACs based on M/2+M converters
13.1
13.2 Calibration algorithm
13.3 Radix conversion algorithm
13.4 Digital circuit implementation
13.5 Analog circuit implementation
13.6 Compensation of temperature variations
13.7 Comparison with other self-calibrated converters
14 Conclusion
4. METHODOLOGY FOR CURRENT-MODE DIGITAL COMPENSATION
OF ANALOG CIRCUITS
1 Introduction
2 Two-stage Miller operational amplifier
3 Compensation current technique
3.1 Detection configuration
3.2 Detection node
3.3 Compensation node
3.4 DAC resolution
3.5 Low-pass decision filtering
3.6 Continuous-time compensation
3.7 Up/down DAC
4 Simulation with digital compensation circuits
4.1
4.2 Automatic compensation component
4.3 Compensation component during adjustment
4.4 Compensation component during compensation
4.5 Multiple digital compensation
4.6 Example of implementation for PSpice
Radix 60
Digital Calibration of Analog Circuits and Systviii ems
4.7 Offset compensation of the Miller amplifier
5 Application to SOI 1T DRAM calibration
5.1 1-transistor SOI memory cell
5.2 Memory cell imperfections
5.3 Sensing scheme
5.4 Calibration principle
5.5 Calibration algorithm
5.6
6 Conclusion
5. HALL MICROSYSTEM WITH CONTINUOUS DIGITAL GAIN
CALIBRATION
1 Introduction
2 Integrated Hall sensors
2.1 Hall effect
2.2 Hall sensors
2.3 Hall sensor models
3 Spinning current technique
4 Sensitivity calibration of Hall sensors
4.1 Sensitivity drift of Hall sensors
4.2 Integrated reference coils
4.3 Sensitivity calibration
4.4 State of the art
5 Hall sensor microsystems
5.1 Analog front-ends for current measurement
6 Continuous digital gain calibration technique
6.1
6.2 Combined modulation scheme
6.3 Demodulation schemes
6.4 Gain compensation
6.5 Offset compensation
6.6 Noise filtering
6.7 Delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter
6.8 Rejection of signal interferences
7 Conclusion
6. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HALL MICROSYSTEM WITH CONTINUOUS
CALIBRATION
1 Introduction
Contents ix
2 Hall sensor array
3 Preamplifier
3.1 Programmable gain range preamplifier
3.2
3.3 Operational amplifier
4 Demodulators
4.1 Switched-capacitor integrators
4.2 External signal demodulator
4.3 Reference demodulator
4.4 Offset demodulator
5 Delta-sigma modulator
6 System improvements
6.1
Coil-sensor capacitive coupling
Measurement results
8 Conclusion
1
2 Main contributions
3 Perspectives
References
Index
Compensation of the reference demodulator offset
System integration
225
External interferences 226
Alternate modulation/demodulation schemes 227
Integrated circuit 231
Configuration and measurement possibilities