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本帖最后由 hi_china59 于 2010-2-24 22:42 编辑
Ali Hajimiri 的博士论文
Jitter and Phase Noise in Electrical Oscillators
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Organization.. ....….."............……........…..........,.........,…....2
Chapter 2 Frequency Instability Fundamentals 5
2.1 Introduction to Frequency Instability.. ...............................5
2.1.1 Frequency Domain.................. .......... .... .....5
2.1.2 Time Domain.................. ..........…......................8
2.2 Frequency Instability Characterization ..... ..... ..................…........…9
2.2.1 Phase Noise.............................................10
2.2.2 Timing Jitter ..............................的
Chapter 3 Review of Existing Models 19
3.1 Tuned-Tank Oscillators ........ ............... ...... ....... .................... .19
3.2 Ring Oscil1ators ............................................26
Chapter 4 Time-Variant Phase Noise Model 33
4.1 Impulse Response Model for Excess Phase............................ 33
4.2 Response to Sinusoidal Input...................................44
4.2.1 Perturbation Current-to-Phase Transformation... ....44
4.2.2 Phase-to-Voltage Transformation..…….….......…...............................46
4.2.3 Simulation and Experimental Verification.............................. … .............48
4.3 Phase Noise and Jitter due to Random Noise .....................................................52
4.3.1 Phase Noise ,….........................….....................…..............................…53
4.3.2 Phase Jitter ..............................................................................................57
4.4 Upconversion of Low-Frequency Noise................ ...58
4.4.1 Calculation of the 1/f3 Noise Comer......................................................58
4.4.2 Simulation and Experiment Variation................... ….............…....63
4.5 Other Time-Variant Effects …...........…....,..................................….....................68
4.5.1 Cyclostationary Noise Sources .................………....…..............................68
4.5.2 Voltage Dependent Capacitors ...........…..................................................73
4.6 Amplitude Response ….........................….........................…............…..74
4.7 Relationship to Previous Models ..................................... .... ............................... 79
4.8 Summary ....................…......................................................80
Chapter 5 Jitter and Phase Noise in Ring Oscillators 81
5.1 The Impulse Sensitivity Function for Ring Oscillators .. ...................……...........81
5.1.1 Equal Rise and Fall Times ……......................................................…........82
5. 1.2 Unequal Rising and Falling Times..........................................................86
5.2 Expressions for Jitter and Phase Noise in Ring Oscillators........….....................88
5.2.1 Single-Ended CMOS Ring Oscillators ...................................................89
5.2.2 Differential CMOS Ring Osci1lators ......................................................93
5.2.3 Bipolar Differential Ring Oscillator ....95
5.3 Correlated Noise Sources...............................…..................................................95
5.4 Design Implications in Ring Oscillators .............................................................98
5.4.1 Differential vs. Single-Ended...99
5.4.2 Optimum Number of Stages .................................................................101
5.4.3 Lowering the Effect of Correlated Noise Sources .............................… 101
5.4.4 The Effect of Tail Current Noise Source ..............................................102
5.5 Experimental Results ...103
5.6 Summary..............................................…...............… 113
Chapter 6 Phase Noise in Differential LC Oscillators 115
6.1 Tank Amplitude…… .....................................................115
6.2 Noise Sources....................................................................................….............118
6.2.1 Stationary Noise Sources ...120
6.2.2 Cyclostationary Behavior in the Presence of a Tail Capacitor..............121
6.3 Tail Current Noise Source..............................…..................................…...........123
6.4 Experimental Results and Design Implications ...…..........................................125
6.5 Summary...........................................................................................................131
Chapter 7 Extension of the Model to Multiple Noise Source………….133
7.1 Phase Response .................................................................................................133
7.2 Phase Noise due to Multiple Stochastic Noise Processes....… .........................142
7.3 Summary…............................….............................…...............147
Chapter 8 Conclusion 149
8.1 Recommendations for Future Work.. ......…...........…...............150
Appendix A Relationship between Jitter and Phase Noise 153
Appendix B Power Spectral Density of the Output 155
Appendix C The ISF of an Ideal LC Oscillator 161
Appendix D Calculation of the ISF 165
D.l Direct Impulse Response Ca1clllation ............ .... ..... ....... ....165
D.2 Calculation of the Impulse Response from the Steady State Solution .. ..166
Appendix E Phase Noise and Jitter in Phase-Locked Loops 16
E.1 A Brief Review of PLLs ..................…...........….....................169
E. l. l First Order Loop. .............. ....... .................................... ................. .... ....170
E.l.2 Higher Order Loops...172
E.l .3 Frequency Multiplications......................................................................175
E.2 Phase Noise and Jitter in PLLs ........................................…..............................177
E.2.1 VCO Noise...............................…..........................................................177
E.2.2 Other Sources of Noise …. ...178
E.2.3 Phase Noise and Jitter in First Order L∞ps .........................................178
E.2.4 Jitter and Phase Noise in Higher Order Loops.. ................ ............ ..... ...184
E.2.5 The Effect of the Frequency Divider ...186
Bibliography 187
Index 199
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