Short Range Wireless Communication

aico27

Preface to the First Edition ..................................................... xi
Preface to the Second Edition ................................................ xiii
What’s on the CD-ROM? ...................................................... xvii
Using the Worksheets .............................................................. xvii
Worksheet Descriptions ............................................................ xix
Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................... 1
1.1 Historical Perspective ........................................................... 1
1.2 Reasons for the Spread of Wireless Applications ................. 2
1.3 Characteristics of Short-range Radio ................................... 3
1.4 Elements of Wireless Communication Systems ................... 5
1.5 Summary ............................................................................ 10
Chapter 2: Radio Propagation............................................... 11
2.1 Mechanisms of Radio Wave Propagation ........................... 12
2.2 Open Field Propagation ...................................................... 14
2.3 Diffraction .......................................................................... 16
2.4 Scattering ............................................................................ 19
2.5 Path Loss ............................................................................ 19
2.6 Multipath Phenomena ......................................................... 21
2.7 Flat Fading .......................................................................... 23
2.8 Diversity Techniques .......................................................... 26
2.9 Noise ................................................................................... 30
vi
Contents
2.10 Summary .......................................................................... 33
Appendix 2-A ............................................................................ 35
Maxwell’s Equations .......................................................... 35
Chapter 3: Antennas and Transmission Lines ........................ 39
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................ 39
3.2 Antenna Characteristics ...................................................... 39
3.3 Types of Antennas .............................................................. 46
3.4 Impedance Matching .......................................................... 54
3.5 Measuring Techniques ........................................................ 70
3.6 Summary ............................................................................ 74
Chapter 4: Communication Protocols and Modulation .......... 75
4.1 Baseband Data Format and Protocol .................................. 75
4.2 Baseband Coding ................................................................ 86
4.3 RF Frequency and Bandwidth ............................................ 92
4.4 Modulation ......................................................................... 93
4.5 RFID ................................................................................. 116
4.6 Summary .......................................................................... 117
Chapter 5: Transmitters ...................................................... 119
5.1 RF Source ......................................................................... 119
5.2 Modulation ....................................................................... 129
5.3 Amplifiers ......................................................................... 132
5.4 Filtering ............................................................................ 133
5.5 Antenna ............................................................................. 134
5.6 Summary .......................................................................... 135
Chapter 6: Receivers ........................................................... 137
6.1 Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF)......................................... 137
6.2 Superregenerative Receiver .............................................. 139
6.3 Superheterodyne Receiver ................................................ 141
6.4 Direct Conversion Receiver .............................................. 143
6.5 Digital Receivers .............................................................. 145
vii
Contents
6.6 Repeaters .......................................................................... 146
6.7 Summary .......................................................................... 147
Chapter 7: Radio System Design ......................................... 149
7.1 Range ................................................................................ 150
7.2 Sensitivity ......................................................................... 151
7.3 Finding Range from Sensitivity ....................................... 160
7.4 Superheterodyne Image and Spurious Response.............. 162
7.5 Intermodulation Distortion and Dynamic Range ............. 165
7.6 Demodulation ................................................................... 173
7.7 Internal Receiver Noise .................................................... 180
7.8 Transmitter Design ........................................................... 181
7.9 Bandwidth......................................................................... 182
7.10 Antenna Directivity ........................................................ 183
7.11 The Power Source........................................................... 183
7.12 Summary ........................................................................ 186
Chapter 8: System Implementation ..................................... 189
8.1 Wireless Modules ............................................................. 191
8.2 Systems on a Chip ............................................................ 197
8.3 Large Scale Subsystems ................................................... 207
8.4 Summary .......................................................................... 209
Chapter 9: Regulations and Standards ................................ 211
9.1 FCC Regulations .............................................................. 213
9.2 Test Method for Part 15 .................................................... 230
9.3 European Radiocommunication Regulations ................... 232
9.4 The European Union Electromagnetic Compatibility
Requirements ................................................................... 238
9.5 Standards in the United Kingdom .................................... 243
9.6 Japanese Low Power Standards ........................................ 243
9.7 Non-Governmental Standards .......................................... 246
Appendix 9-A .......................................................................... 249
Terms and Definitions (FCC Part 2) ................................ 249
viii
Contents
Appendix 9-B .......................................................................... 254
Nomenclature for Defining Emission, Modulation and
Transmission (FCC Part 2) ............................................... 254
Necessary Bandwidth ........................................................ 254
Class of Emission .............................................................. 255
Appendix 9-C .......................................................................... 257
Restricted Frequencies and Field Strength Limits from
Section 15.205 of FCC Rules and Regulations ................. 257
Chapter 10: Introduction to Information Theory ................. 259
10.1 Probability ...................................................................... 260
10.2 Information Theory ........................................................ 270
10.3 Summary ........................................................................ 285
Chapter 11: Applications and Technologies ......................... 287
11.1 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) ....................... 288
11.2 Bluetooth ........................................................................ 313
11.3 Zigbee ............................................................................. 323
11.4 Conflict and Compatibility ............................................. 331
11.5 Ultra-wideband Technology ........................................... 337
11.6 Summary ........................................................................ 343
Abbreviations ....................................................................... 345
References and Bibliography ................................................ 347
Index.................................................................................... 353

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