Advanced FDTD Method: Parallelization, Acceleration,

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Advanced FDTD Method: Parallelization, Acceleration, and Engineering Applications (Artech House Electromagnetic Analysis)
Author(s):
Wenhua Yu, Xiaoling Yang, Yongjun Liu, Raj Mittra and Akira Muto
Publisher:
Artech House
Date:
2011-02-28
ISBN10:
1608071766
ISBN13:
9781608071760
Contents
Preface _____________________________________________________ ix
Chapter 1 Computational Electromagnetic Methods _________________ 1
1.1 FDTD METHOD __________________________________ 1
1.1.1 FDTD Update Equations _______________________ 1
1.1.2 Stability Analysis _____________________________ 6
1.1.3 Boundary Conditions __________________________ 7
1.2 METHOD OF MOMENTS _________________________ 11
1.3 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD ______________________ 13
1.3.1 Scalar Formulation ___________________________ 14
1.3.2 Vector Formulation __________________________ 14
1.4 FINITE INTEGRATION TECHNIQUE _______________ 15
References ___________________________________________ 17
Chapter 2 FDTD Optimization and Acceleration ___________________ 19
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO CPU ARCHITECTURE _________ 20
2.2 SSE INSTRUCTION SET __________________________ 21
2.3 CACHE OPTIMIZATION __________________________ 25
2.4 TASK PARALLELIZATION AND BUNDLING ________ 26
2.5 PREFETCH _____________________________________ 26
2.6 READING OR WRITING COMBINATION ___________ 27
2.7 MATERIAL LOOP-UP TABLE _____________________ 28
2.8 NUMA OPTIMIZATION __________________________ 28
2.9 IMPLEMENTATION OF VALU FDTD METHOD ______ 30
References ___________________________________________ 35
Chapter 3 Parallel FDTD Method and Systems _____________________ 37
vi Advanced FDTD Methods
3.1 PARALLEL FDTD METHOD ______________________ 37
3.2 OPENMP FOR MULTICORE PROCESSORS __________ 40
3.3 MPI TECHNIQUE ________________________________ 41
3.4 NETWORK CARD, SWITCH, AND CABLE __________ 43
References ___________________________________________ 46
Chapter 4 Electromagnetic Simulation Techniques __________________ 47
4.1 MESH GENERATION TECHNIQUES ________________ 47
4.2 BASIC SIMULATION PROCEDURE ________________ 50
4.3 DIPOLE ANTENNA ______________________________ 51
4.4 VIVALDI ANTENNA SIMULATION ________________ 55
4.5 BANDED MICROWAVE CONNECTOR _____________ 60
4.6 PARALLEL LINES _______________________________ 64
4.7 TWO-PORT ANTENNA ___________________________ 67
4.8 SLOT COUPLING ________________________________ 69
4.9 MICROWAVE FILTER ____________________________ 72
4.10 OPTIMIZATION AND PARAMETER SCAN __________ 74
4.11 PERIODIC STRUCTURE SIMULATION _____________ 78
4.12 GROUND PENETRATING RADAR MODEL __________ 81
4.13 MICROWAVE CONNECTOR ______________________ 84
References ___________________________________________ 87
Chapter 5 EM Simulation Software Benchmarks ___________________ 89
5.1 BASIC STEPS IN EM SIMULATION ________________ 89
5.1.1 HFSS _____________________________________ 89
5.1.2 CST ______________________________________ 90
5.1.3 FEKO _____________________________________ 90
5.1.4 GEMS ____________________________________ 91
5.2 HARDWARE PLATFORMS ________________________ 92
5.3 PATCH ANTENNA _______________________________ 92
5.4 VIVALDI ANTENNA _____________________________ 99
Contents vii
5.5 SCATTERING OF DIELECTRIC SPHERE ___________ 108
5.6 CELL PHONE ANTENNA ________________________ 117
5.7 ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP STRUCTURE _____ 126
5.8 STANDARD SAR TEST __________________________ 131
5.9 WAVEGUIDE FILTER ___________________________ 140
References __________________________________________ 146
Chapter 6 Large Multiscale Problem Solving ______________________ 147
6.1 RADIO FREQUENCY PROTECTION _______________ 147
6.2 COMB-SHAPED ANTENNA ARRAY _______________ 153
6.3 TACKING REFLECTOR ANTENNA _______________ 159
6.4 PARTIAL SYMMETRIC PROBLEM SIMULATION ___ 165
6.5 FLAT REFLECTOR ANTENNA ___________________ 171
6.6 SIGNAL INTEGRITY ____________________________ 174
6.7 CARD READER EMI ANALYSIS __________________ 179
6.8 CLOAKING STRUCTURE ________________________ 183
References __________________________________________ 185
Chapter 7 Summary __________________________________________ 187
7.1 FDTD METHOD ________________________________ 187
7.2 FDTD CODE DEVELOPMENT ____________________ 189
7.3 FDTD SIMULATION TECHNIQUES _______________ 190
7.4 HARDWARE PLATFORM ________________________ 192
References __________________________________________ 193
Appendix A Antenna Power and Efficiency _______________________ 195
References __________________________________________ 199
Appendix B Active Reflection Coefficient _________________________ 201
References __________________________________________ 204
Appendix C Total Active Reflection Coefficient ____________________ 205
References __________________________________________ 206
Appendix D MEG and ECC ____________________________________ 207
viii Advanced FDTD Methods
D.1 PROPAGATION ENVIRONMENTS __________________ 207
D.2 ECC ____________________________________________ 208
D.3 MEG ___________________________________________ 208
References ___________________________________________ 209
Appendix E Lossy Dielectric Simulation Technique ________________ 211
References ___________________________________________ 212
Appendix F Circular Polarization Decomposition __________________ 213
References ___________________________________________ 215
Appendix G Vector Fitting Technique ___________________________ 217
References ___________________________________________ 219
Appendix H Partially Symmetric Problem Simulation ______________ 221
References ___________________________________________ 223
Appendix I Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) ___________________ 225
References ___________________________________________ 227
Appendix J S-Parameter Extraction _____________________________ 229
J.1 MATCHED S-PARAMETER _______________________ 229
J.2 NORMALIZED S-PARAMETER ____________________ 230
J.3 MODE S-PARAMETER ___________________________ 232
References ___________________________________________ 233
Appendix K Debye Model Construction __________________________ 235
References ___________________________________________ 237
Appendix L Geometry Mapping Technique _______________________ 239
References ___________________________________________ 246
Appendix M PC Cluster Optimization ___________________________ 247
References ___________________________________________ 248
About the Authors _____________________________________________ 249
Index ___________________________________________________ 253

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